Abstract: Hybrid ventilation apparatuses, systems and methods are provided. Some example mechanical ventilation apparatuses include a gas delivery system, at least one oxygen concentrator for generating oxygen enriched gas for delivery to a patient, at least one pressurized oxygen source for providing oxygen for delivery to the patient, and a controller. Based at least in part on an FIO2 setting for the gas to be delivered to the patient, the controller may determine an oxygen enriched gas flow rate of the oxygen enriched gas and a pressurized oxygen source flow rate of the oxygen from the at least one pressurized oxygen source, for the gas to be delivered to the patient. The controller may control the gas delivery system to deliver the gas to the patient in accordance with the FIO2 setting, the determined oxygen enriched gas flow rate, and the determined pressurized oxygen source flow rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a paper web. The paper web is prepared from a low-grade furnish, which contains low-grade pulps, such as recycled pulp and/or groundwood pulp, and which, in one preferred embodiment, is a newsprint furnish. In accordance with the disclosed process, a pre-flocculated filler is added to the furnish prior to forming the paper web from the furnish. Filler will be retained in the web, and retention of undesired components of the furnish in the web will be reduced as compared with newsprint in which a filler is incorporated via conventional processes. Another embodiment contemplates the incorporation of a pre-flocculated coated broke slurry into a paper furnish prior to paper formation. The paper web formed via the process of the invention will have improved properties as a result of the incorporation of the pre-flocculated filler or treated broke into the web.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a paper web. The paper web is prepared from a low-grade furnish, which contains low-grade pulps, such as recycled pulp and/or groundwood pulp, and which, in one preferred embodiment, is a newsprint furnish. In accordance with the disclosed process, a pre-flocculated filler is added to the furnish prior to forming the paper web from the furnish. Filler will be retained in the web, and retention of undesired components of the furnish in the web will be reduced as compared with newsprint in which a filler is incorporated via conventional processes. Another embodiment contemplates the incorporation of a pre-flocculated coated broke slurry into a paper furnish prior to paper formation. The paper web formed via the process of the invention will have improved properties as a result of the incorporation of the pre-flocculated filler or treated broke into the web.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a paper web. The paper web is prepared from a low-grade furnish, which contains low-grade pulps, such as recycled pulp and/or groundwood pulp, and which, in one preferred embodiment, is a newsprint furnish. In accordance with the disclosed process, a pre-flocculated filler is added to the furnish prior to forming the paper web from the furnish. Filler will be retained in the web, and retention of undesired components of the furnish in the web will be reduced as compared with newsprint in which a filler is incorporated via conventional processes. Another embodiment contemplates the incorporation of a pre-flocculated coated broke slurry into a paper furnish prior to paper formation. The paper web formed via the process of the invention will have improved properties as a result of the incorporation of the pre-flocculated filler or treated broke into the web.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a paper web. The paper web is prepared from a low-grade furnish, which contains low-grade pulps, such as recycled pulp and/or groundwood pulp, and which, in one preferred embodiment, is a newsprint furnish. In accordance with the disclosed process, a pre-flocculated filler is added to the furnish prior to forming the paper web from the furnish. Filler will be retained in the web, and retention of undesired components of the furnish in the web will be reduced as compared with newsprint in which a filler is incorporated via conventional processes. Another embodiment contemplates the incorporation of a pre-flocculated coated broke slurry into a paper furnish prior to paper formation. The paper web formed via the process of the invention will have improved properties as a result of the incorporation of the pre-flocculated filler or treated broke into the web.

Abstract: A process for forming a preflocculated filler for use in making paper, which process comprises continuously bringing together an aqueous slurry of a paper filler material and a flocculating agent and imparting to the mixture for a period of not more than about 2 minutes and preferably for less than about 30 seconds, a shearing force sufficient to provide a flocculated filler of controlled particle size and most suitable for papermaking.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of starch to syrups having a dextrose equivalent (D.E.) value of at least 90 and is achieved by treating liquid starch with glucoamylase for a period of not more than three hours.

Abstract: Production of starch derivatives by reacting a starch derivatizing agent with chemically-mechanically gelatinized starch.

Abstract: Starch phosphates are prepared by reacting with an alkaline starch paste while maintaining an alkaline pH a phosphate salt at a temperature of about 45.degree. to 95.degree. C. for a period of not more than about 120 minutes. Amphoteric starch phosphates are prepared by also reacting with the starch paste a cationizing agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cationic starch dispersion wherein an alkaline, gelatinized starch is reacted with a cationic reagent either concurrently with, or subsequently to, the cooking process resulting in a product in which the cationic reagent is chemically bound to the starch molecule. The process is conducive to on-site preparation of a cationic starch derivative which can be utilized without additional treatment as a papermaking adjunct, textile size, waste-water treatment or tailings flocculent, etc.

Abstract: Dehulled and degermed dry-milled corn products are refined by mixing for a period of not more than 4 hours at ambient temperature dehulled and degermed corn containing starch and protein with water to form an aqueous slurry, treating the slurry with alkali, and subjecting the alkali containing slurry to high intensity mixing. Sodium sulfite may be present in the alkali containing slurry. A high-quality starch then is recovered.

Abstract: A process whereby a gelatinized starch having a cationic reagent chemically bound to the starch backbone and a reduced viscosity is prepared by (1) gelatinizing starch and substantially simultaneous with gelatinization reacting said treated starch with an alkyl or alkenyl amine and a water soluble oxidant or (2) simultaneously reacting an alkyl or alkenyl amine and a water soluble oxidant with a gelatinized starch. The process is conducive to the on-site preparation of a thinned cationic starch derivative which can be utilized without additional treatment as a papermaking additive, textile size, waste water treatment, tailing flocculent, etc.

Abstract: Gelatinization and dispersion of starch with a starch solvent such as sodium hydroxide and using mechanical shear.

Abstract: A malt source of enzymes is used to liquefy starch at high temperatures.