Abstract: Containers of chemical hazardous waste materials can be permanently vaulted by distributing the containers on a base surface apart from one another and thereafter filling the space between the deposited containers with a cementitious substance and covering the containers with a slab of cementitious substance whereby each individual container is isolated within a structural skeleton of the cementitious substance. The cementitious material will retain its structural integrity after the container has deteriorated or corroded. Multiple tiers of containers may be accumulated in this fashion and encapsulated within a permanent disposal vault.

Abstract: A permanent storage vault for hazardous waste materials provides a water-confining basin liner for an excavation basin, a liquid collection system to collect liquids from the basin liner and a double encapsulation for the waste materials including a water-impervious film encapsulation and, surrounding that, an encapsulation of water-impermeable cementitious material. A sump is provided to collect liquids accumulating on the basin liner.

Abstract: A permanent bin for temporary storage of non-volatile chemical hazardous wastes is provided. An excavation basin is lined with a water-impervious film and a water-impermeable cementitious covering. The bin is formed from perimeter walls which are positioned within the rim of the water-impervious cementitious covering. A liquid collection system is provided to retain any drainage from the system for prompt detection, appropriate analysis and for effective disposal if required.

Abstract: A compartmentalized waste disposal installation includes multiple disposal vaults, each positioned above a normal high water table level of the region. The vaults are disposed in parallel relationship and are stacked in two or more tiers to provide a compact permanent waste disposal facility. Each individual waste disposal vault provides water-impermeable encapsulation for the waste disposal materials and each individual waste disposal vault is positioned within a basin which has a water-impervious lining and a collection system for recovering leakage or leachate which may develop from each individual waste disposal vault.

Abstract: Hazardous chemical waste materials can be vaulted for permanent disposal by encapsulation in a water-impermeable film and a soil cement.

Abstract: Aqueous alkaline desulfurization treating units for combustion gases generate as a product an aqueous sludge containing sulfur compounds of calcium. Many such sludge products contain more than 30 percent by weight (of the solids) of calcium sulfite hemihydrate. These waste products are in part calcined at a temperature from 250.degree.C to 650.degree.C to produce a moisture-free, cementitious product which is thereafter recombined with uncalcined aqueous sludge to produce a cementitious product which can be profitably utilized or which may be conveniently discarded as a landfill. If desired, fly ash or bottom ash produced in the combustion process can be combined with the cementitious product.