Abstract: A heat pipe configured to remove heat from a nuclear reactor core is disclosed herein. The heat pipe can include an inner housing defining an inner volume configured to accommodate a heat source and an outer housing configured about the inner housing and the heat source. A wick can be positioned between at least a portion of the inner housing and at least a portion of the outer housing, wherein the wick can include a capillary material, and wherein the wick can define an intermediate volume between the inner housing and the outer housing. A working fluid can be positioned within the intermediate volume, wherein the working fluid can evaporate at a first end of the heat pipe and condense at a second end of the heat pipe adjacent to a heat exchanger, and wherein the wick can return condensed working fluid to the first end of the heat pipe.

Abstract: A heat pipe configured to remove heat from a nuclear reactor core is disclosed herein. The heat pipe can include an inner housing defining an inner volume configured to accommodate a heat source and an outer housing configured about the inner housing and the heat source. A wick can be positioned between at least a portion of the inner housing and at least a portion of the outer housing, wherein the wick can include a capillary material, and wherein the wick can define an intermediate volume between the inner housing and the outer housing. A working fluid can be positioned within the intermediate volume, wherein the working fluid can evaporate at a first end of the heat pipe and condense at a second end of the heat pipe adjacent to a heat exchanger, and wherein the wick can return condensed working fluid to the first end of the heat pipe.

Abstract: The reactor vessel of a nuclear reactor installation which is suspended from the cold leg nozzles in a reactor cavity is provided with a lower thermal insulating barrier spaced from the reactor vessel that has a hemispherical lower section that increases in volume from the center line of the reactor to the outer extent of the diameter of the thermal insulating barrier and smoothly transitions up the side walls of the vessel. The space between the thermal insulating harrier and the reactor vessel forms a chamber which can be flooded with cooling water through passive valving to directly cool the reactor vessel in the event of a severe accident. The passive inlet valve for the cooling water includes a buoyant door that is normally maintained sealed under its own weight and floats open when the cavity is Hooded. Passively opening steam vents are also provided.

Abstract: The reactor vessel of a nuclear reactor installation which is suspended from the cold leg nozzles in a reactor cavity is provided with a lower thermal insulating barrier spaced from the reactor vessel that has a hemispherical lower section that increases in volume from the center line of the reactor to the outer extent of the diameter of tiie thermal insulating barrier and smoothly transitions up the side walls of the vessel. The space between the thermal insulating harrier and the reactor vessel forms a chamber which can be flooded with cooling water through passive valving to directly cool the reactor vessel in the event of a severe accident. The passive inlet valve for the cooling water includes a buoyant door that is normally maintained sealed under its own weight and floats open when the cavity is Hooded. Passively opening steam vents are also provided.

Abstract: An imaging system in which images are formed by image-wise exposing a layer containing a chromogenic material and a photosensitive composition in which at least the photosensitive composition is encapsulated in a lyer of pressure rupturable capsules. Exposure and capsule rupture renders the chromogenic material image-wise accessible to the developer for a patterned image forming reaction.

Abstract: A color image forming process wherein images are formed by reaction of cyan, magenta and yellow color precursors with a developer material, the reaction is image-wise controlled by image-wise exposure of a photosensitive composition encapsulated in pressure rupturable capsules, image-wise exposure of the photosensitive composition and rupture of the capsules releases the color precursor for patterned reaction with the developer material.

Abstract: A system for verifying the authenticity of documents such as negotiable instruments wherein a field of photoactive microcapsules is provided in a localized area on the document. By image-wise exposing the document, a latent image of a verification meand such as a signature, fingerprint, or the like can be produced on the document which can be instantly developed upon rupturing the microcapsules to verify the authenticity of the document when it is presented.

Abstract: A method for forming images in which photosensitive microcapsules having an image-forming agent associated therewith are coated on a support as a free-flowing powder; the layer of microcapsules thus formed is image-wise exposed to actinic radiation and subjected to a uniform rupturing force to produce an image; the image may be formed directly on the support upon which the microcapsules are coated or the support may contact an image-receiving sheet to which the image is imparted.

Abstract: An imaging system in which images are formed by image-wise exposing a layer containing a chromogenic material and a photosensitive composition in which at least the photosensitive composition is encapsulated in a layer of pressure rupturable capsules. Exposure and capsule rupture renders the chromogenic material image-wise accessible to the developer for a patterned image forming reaction.

Abstract: A method for forming images which comprises image-wise exposing a photosensitive material to heat while simultaneously exposing said material to non-infrared actinic radiation, said material including a support and a layer of microcapsules containing an image-forming agent and a radiation curable composition on the surface of said support; said radiation curable composition being liquid at ambient temperatures and being substantially unhardened in the areas in which said material is simultaneously exposed to said heat and radiation and being substantially hardened in the areas in which said material is not simultaneously exposed to said heat and radiation; and subjecting said microcapsules to a uniform rupturing force such that said microcapsules image-wise release said image-forming agent.

Abstract: An imaging process which comprises image-wise simultaneously exposing to heat and light or ultraviolet radiation an imaging material comprising a support having a layer of photosensitive microcapsules on the surface thereof, said microcapsules containing an internal phase including an image-forming agent and a photosensitve composition which undergoes a change in viscosity, melting point, softening point to heat and light or ultraviolet radiation but which remains essentially unchanged in the presence of either heat or light or ultraviolet radiation alone; assembling said imaging material with an image-receiving sheet and subjecting the assembly to a uniform transfer force such that said image-forming agent is image-wise transferred to said imaging material; wherein said photohardenable composition includes a free radical addition polymerizable or crosslinkable compound and an ionic dye-reactive counter ion compound, said ionic dye-reactive counter ion compound, said ionic dye-reactive counter ion compound be

Abstract: Methods for forming relief images are disclosed employing photosensitive microcapsules; typically, the internal phase of the microcapsules includes a photohardenable composition such as an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a photoinitiator; release of the composition is controlled by exposure and the application of a uniform rupturing force such as pressure; in one embodiment, the released composition functions as a resist image for subsequent processing with an etching agent such as an acid.

Abstract: Imaging sheets having a coating containing chromogenic material and a photosensitive composition, with at least the photosensitive composition encapsulated in rupturable microcapsules as an internal phase, are processed by free particle abrasion to rupture the microcapsules coating the surfaces of the imaging sheets by establishing relative motion between the imaging sheets and a body of free particles.

Abstract: Images are formed on plain paper using imaging sheets having a coating containing a chromogenic material and a photosensitive composition with at least the photosensitive composition encapsulated in a layer of rupturable microcapsules as an internal phase by a process which comprises image-wise exposing the imaging sheet to actinic radiation, subjecting the microcapsules to a uniform rupturing force, placing the imaging sheet in contact with a sheet of plain paper with the layer of microcapsules adjacent the sheet of plain paper, the steps of subjecting the layer of microcapsules to the rupturing force and placing the imaging sheet in contact with the sheet of plain paper being conducted such that the chromogenic material is image-wise transferred to the sheet of plain paper, and applying a developer material to the surface of the sheet of plain paper to which the chromogenic material is transferred, the developer material thereupon reacting with the chromogenic material and producing a visible image.

Abstract: Imaging sheets having a coating containing chromogenic material and a photosensitive composition, with at least the photosensitive composition encapsulated in rupturable microcapsules as an internal phase, are processed by free particle abrasion to rupture the microcapsules coating the surfaces of the imaging sheets by establishing relative motion between the imaging sheets and a body of free particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to image developing apparatus and specifically a developer roll for use in combination with a color producing substrate. In accordance with this invention, a color is formed by the reaction of isolated chromogenic materials. A first chromogenic material is typically a color precursor of the electron donating type and is encapsulated with a photosensitive composition on the surface of an imaging sheet. The second chromogenic material is typically identified as a color developer and is generally of the electron accepting type. In this invention the active coating on the imaging sheet is abraded to rupture the capsules and promote the reaction of the color forming ingredients.

Abstract: A self-contained silver halide diffusion transfer imaging sheet is provided which contains three layers on a substrate. The first layer is a silver halide emulsion formed in a non-ionic material. The intermediate layer is a water barrier. The third layer is a nucleating region which contains collodial silver. A developer, base and silver transport agent can also be located in these layers. For example, the base and silver transport agent can be located in the nucleating layer, with the developer located in the emulsion layer. After the emulsion is exposed to actinic radiation, a non-aqueous activating medium is supplied which initiates the development and diffusion transfer processes. The final result is a positive image in the nucleating layer.

Abstract: A process for improving the sensitivity of imaging materials employing an encapsulated radiation sensitive composition including a photoinitiator; wherein the imaging material is subjected to a uniform exposure which does not produce images but sequesters oxygen present in the capsules and converts it to a non-inhibiting form. An imaging material is also disclosed wherein the radiation sensitive composition additionally includes an oxygen sequestering agent.

Abstract: A self-contained silver halide diffusion transfer imaging sheet is provided which contains three layers on a substrate. The first layer is a silver halide emulsion formed in a non-ionic material. The intermediate layer is a water barrier. The third layer is a nucleating region which contains colloidal silver. A developer, base and silver transport agent can also be located in these layers. For example, the base and silver transport agent can be located in the nucleating layer, with the developer located in the emulsion layer. After the emulsion is exposed to actinic radiation, a non-aqueous activating medium is supplied which initiates the development and diffusion transfer processes. The final result is a positive image in the nucleating layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to image developing apparatus and specifically a developer roll for use in combination with a color producing substrate. In accordance with this invention, a color is formed by the reaction of isolated chromogenic materials. A first chromogenic material is typically a color precusor of the electron donating type whereas the second chromogenic material is typically identified as a color developer and is generally of the electron accepting type. In this invention a developer roll bunishes the active coating on the color producing substrate to promote the reaction of the color forming ingredients. This developing action is accomplished without "rupturing pressure" or without the necessity for pressure rollers which define a pressure nip.