Abstract: A system for first setting a blind rivet and then verifying the correctness of the set comprising a rivet setting tool to set the rivet and computer logic to verify the correctness of the set. The setting tool includes a jaw assembly for holding the stem of the rivet's mandrel fitted to an axially movable pulling shaft. Both the pulling force of the setting tool and the displacement of the pulling shaft are measured and the measurements are interpreted by an integrator to determine the total energy of the setting process. The determined total energy is then compared with an ideal total energy to assess whether or not the set of the particular rivet is acceptable. Other quantitative comparisons may be made against other ideal values.

Abstract: A solenoid actuated blind rivet tool having pulling impulse intensifying apparatus co-acting with the mandrel pulling mechanism. One type of impulse intensifying mechanism is a slidable connection of the tool's nose housing, housing the assembly for engaging and tensioning the mandrel, and power chamber which comprises the remainder of the tool housing, which power chamber carries a solenoid for powering the tool. The solenoid pulls the nose housing rearwardly until it impacts against the power chamber, creating a high-magnitude impulse force to break the mandrel. In lieu of a slidably mounted nose piece, the tool may include a member linked to the pulling mechanism and a ram which is driven against the member by the solenoid thereby creating an impulse force which is transmitted to the pulling mechanism.

Abstract: An X-ray tube including a tubular envelope having therein an anode target provided with a surface portion made of X-ray emissive material and with another surface portion coated with amorphous carbon material, and an electron emitting cathode disposed to beam electrons onto the surface portion of the target made of X-ray emissive material.

Abstract: An X-ray tube including a tubular envelope having therein an anode target provided with a surface portion made of X-ray emissive material and with another surface portion made of heat emissive material comprising at least one of the members from the group consisting of hafnium boride, hafnium oxide, hafnium nitride, hafnium silicide, and hafnium aluminide; and an electron emitting cathode disposed to direct a beam of electrons onto the anode surface portion made of X-ray emissive material.