Abstract: A binder for fertilizer granulation is taught, comprising a reactive mixture of a metal salt and a metal oxide or hydroxide. Use of this binder permits the incorporation of higher percentages of "fines" or small particle fertilizer components.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the removal of metal ions from water which comprises filtering the water through a bed or layer of granular lightburned or hardburned magnesium oxide. The use of granular hardburned or granular lightburned grades of the magnesium oxide provides one with a most effective process for the removal of metal ions, as well as a process which permits a greater throughput of water before the effectiveness of the magnesium oxide decreases substantially.The process of the present invention also involves an acidic backwash to regenerate the granular magnesium oxide. The acidic backwash is used to strip the captured metal ions from the surface of the granules, and has been found to be quite effective. The acid is generally a dilute acid, e.g., about 1 to 10 percent by weight acid concentration.

Abstract: A binder composition is taught for the granulation of fine particulate fertilizer, which binder comprises an admixture of reactive carbonate, sulfate, silicate strengthener, and water dispersant, said binder being reactive in the presence of an acid activator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel binder combination for pelletized and compressed animal feed. This binder comprises a chemically reactive, molasses-free, mixture of a reactive phosphate source plus a reactive metal oxide, hydroxide, or salt.

Abstract: Magnesia pellets are formed from finely-divided, highly reactive, lightburned magnesia (MgO) particles by granulating such powders in conventional equipment using either an organic liquid or an organic liquid-binder mixture. The organic liquid may be an alcohol or a ketone the alkyl groups of which, independently, can have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Magnesium chloride and water are among disclosed binders which may be used in combination with said organic liquid. The organic liquid should be more than about 80% of any admixtures with water.

Abstract: An aqueous magnesium oxide suspension is disclosed which comprises from about 15 to about 50 percent by weight MgO, based on the combined weight of water, MgO, suspension aid, and anti-hydration agent. Suspension aids such as Xzanthan gum and guar gum are utilized in the presence of a lignin sulfonate anti-hydration agents to provide a highly stable concentrated suspension, useful as a base for fertilizers, animal feeds, etc.

Abstract: This invention constitute a novel binder composition for pelleted and compressed animal feeds, comprising a mixture of a reactive metal salt and a reactive metal oxide or hydroxide.