Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of monitoring the direction of blood flow that include processing with a computer photoplethysmography (PPG) signal streams from a sensor array on a body site of the individual to determine the direction and/or velocity of the blood flow at the body site of the individual. In some embodiments, direction of the blood flow at the body site is determined by the phase difference between at least three PPG signal streams from the sensor array, wherein the at least three PPG signal streams are generated from emissions of the at least three emitters.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are photoplethysmography probes designed for use on a user's nasal alar. Methods of using such photoplethysmography probes are also provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel lip/cheek probes for detection of pulse-based differences in light absorbence across the vascularized tissue of a lip or cheek of a patient. These probes are fabricated to provide signals to estimate arterial oxygen saturation, and/or to obtain other photoplethysmographic data. The present invention also relates to a combined probe/cannula. The present invention also relates to other devices that combine a pulse oximeter probe with a device supplying oxygen or other oxygen-containing gas to a person in need thereof, and to sampling means for exhaled carbon dioxide in combination with the novel lip/cheek probes. In certain embodiments, an additional limitation of a control means to adjust the flow rate of such gas is provided, where such control is directed by the blood oxygen saturation data obtained from the pulse oximeter probe.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of monitoring the direction of blood flow that include processing with a computer photoplethysmography (PPG) signal streams from a sensor array on a body site of the individual to determine the direction and/or velocity of the blood flow at the body site of the individual. In some embodiments, direction of the blood flow at the body site is determined by the phase difference between at least three PPG signal streams from the sensor array, wherein the at least three PPG signal streams are generated from emissions of the at least three emitters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for comparing photoplethysmography (PPG) signals from an individual with signals from a secondary respiration sensor secured to the individual to determine whether effective respiration has occurred or whether the individual has apnea, hypopnea, or other respiratory distress.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of monitoring the direction of blood flow that include processing with a computer photoplethysmography (PPG) signal streams from a sensor array on a body site of the individual to determine the direction and/or velocity of the blood flow at the body site of the individual. In some embodiments, direction of the blood flow at the body site is determined by the phase difference between at least three PPG signal streams from the sensor array, wherein the at least three PPG signal streams are generated from emissions of the at least three emitters.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, systems and accessories, and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments of the invention, the PPG sensors include a clip body that includes a first end portion and a second end portion; a flex circuit attached or adjacent to the clip body, and an elastomeric sleeve that envelops (1) at least part of the first end portion and at least part of the flex circuit attached or adjacent thereto; or (2) at least part of the second end portion and at least part of the flex circuit attached or adjacent thereto.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the present invention are methods of monitoring individuals that include securing a photoplethysmograph probe to at least one of a pre-auricular region and a post-auricular region of the individual and obtaining photoplethysmography signals from the photoplethysmography probe. Photoplethysmography probes and helmets related to such methods are also described herein.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and systems for validating and interpreting respiratory signals in order to provide comprehensive non-invasive methods to monitor patients at risk for respiratory depression and apnea. In the present invention, data from multiple respiratory monitoring technologies (or from multiple channels of one monitoring technology) is fused so that the patient's true respiratory state may be elucidated.

Abstract: A monitoring and control system, apparatus and method for safe administration, reduction or cessation of administration of at least on medication, fluid or both, which includes at least one Central Source Site (CSS) Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor coupled to means for control of delivery of the at least one medication, fluid or both.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of improving the effectiveness of chest compressions as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Such methods include monitoring PPG signals from a PPG sensor secured to a nose during at least one chest compression and increasing, decreasing or maintaining a at least one of the depth, duration and frequency of at least one subsequent chest compression based on a waveform parameter of the PPG signals. Related devices and systems are also provided.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of monitoring air obstruction in an individual that include obtaining at least one calibration photoplethysmography (PPG) signal stream from the individual while the individual spontaneously breathes through at least one resistor having a known resistance; using a processing device to determine changes in the at least one calibration PPG signal stream in response to an increase in resistance to the individual's breathing; obtaining a monitoring PPG signal stream from the individual during spontaneous breathing; and using the monitored PPG signal stream to determine a calibrated resistance value, and using the calibrated resistance value to determine a level of obstruction of the individual's breathing. Related devices are also provided herein.

Abstract: A pharmacodynamic (PD), pharmacokinetic (PK), or both and PK guided infusion device, system and method optimizes the safety and efficacy of various forms of treatment or therapy (e.g., drug and/or fluid) in a variety of health-care and other settings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel lip/cheek probes for detection of pulse-based differences in light absorbence across the vascularized tissue of a lip or cheek of a patient. These probes are fabricated to provide signals to estimate arterial oxygen saturation, and/or to obtain other photoplethysmographic data. The present invention also relates to a combined probe/cannula. The present invention also relates to other devices that combine a pulse oximeter probe with a device supplying oxygen or other oxygen-containing gas to a person in need thereof, and to sampling means for exhaled carbon dioxide in combination with the novel lip/cheek probes. In certain embodiments, an additional limitation of a control means to adjust the flow rate of such gas is provided, where such control is directed by the blood oxygen saturation data obtained from the pulse oximeter probe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the detection of markers in exhaled breath, wherein the detection of the presence or absence of the marker(s) in exhaled breath is used to assess various clinical data, including patient adherence in taking the medication and patient enzymatic (metabolic) competence in metabolizing the medication. An embodiment of the invention comprises a parent therapeutic agent labeled with a marker, where upon metabolism (e.g., via enzymatic action) of the therapeutic agent, the marker becomes volatile or semi-volatile and is present in the breath. In certain related embodiments, the marker contain a deuterium label, which is also present in the breath upon metabolism of the therapeutic agent. In another embodiment of the invention, the therapeutic agent is associated with a taggant (that may be either labeled or unlabeled with deuterium), which in turn will generate a marker in the breath that is easily measurable.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the present invention are methods of monitoring individuals that include securing a photoplethysmography probe to at least one of a pre-auricular region and a post-auricular region of the individual and obtaining photoplethysmography signals from the photoplethysmography probe. Photoplethysmography probes and helmets related to such methods are also described herein.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are photoplethysmography probes designed for use on a user's nasal alar. Methods of using such photoplethysmography probes are also provided herein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems and devices to monitor vascular volume status utilizing at least one oximetry/photoplethysmography sensor. The methods, systems and devices provide an alternative to conventional vascular volume monitoring methods while enabling reliable, non-invasive, and automatic monitoring of vascular volume to avert patient hypotension. The methods, systems and devices may be employed in the context of both inpatient and outpatient facilities and may also be incorporated into conventional monitoring devices, techniques and equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel lip/cheek probes for detection of pulse-based differences in light absorbence across the vascularized tissue of a lip or cheek of a patient. These probes are fabricated to provide signals to estimate arterial oxygen saturation, and/or to obtain other photoplethysmographic data. The present invention also relates to a combined probe/cannula. The present invention also relates to other devices that combine a pulse oximeter probe with a device supplying oxygen or other oxygen-containing gas to a person in need thereof, and to sampling means for exhaled carbon dioxide in combination with the novel lip/cheek probes. In certain embodiments, an additional limitation of a control means to adjust the flow rate of such gas is provided, where such control is directed by the blood oxygen saturation data obtained from the pulse oximeter probe.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are photoplethysmography probes designed for use on a user's nasal alar. Methods of using such photoplethysmography probes are also provided herein.