Abstract: A RF amplifier includes a RF input section for receiving a RF input signal. At least one single-sided slow-wave structure is associated with the RF interaction section. An electron ribbon beam that interacts with the RF input supported by the at least one single-sided slow-wave structure so that the kinetic energy of the electron beam is transferred to the RF fields of the RF input signal, thus amplifying the RF input signal. A RF output section outputs the amplified RF input signal.

Abstract: A system and method for designing photonic band gap structures. The system and method provide a user with the capability to produce a model of a two-dimensional array of conductors corresponding to a unit cell. The model involves a linear equation. Boundary conditions representative of conditions at the boundary of the unit cell are applied to a solution of the Helmholtz equation defined for the unit cell. The linear equation can be approximated by a Hermitian matrix. An eigenvalue of the Helmholtz equation is calculated. One computation approach involves calculating finite differences. The model can include a symmetry element, such as a center of inversion, a rotation axis, and a mirror plane. A graphical user interface is provided for the user's convenience. A display is provided to display to a user the calculated eigenvalue, corresponding to a photonic energy level in the Brilloin zone of the unit cell.

Abstract: A vacuum electron device with a photonic bandgap structure that provides the ability to tune the behavior of the device to a particular mode of a plurality of modes of propagation. The photonic bandgap structure comprises a plurality of members, at least one of which is movable, and at least one of which is temperature controlled. The photonic bandgap structure makes possible the selection of one mode of propagation without the necessity to build structures having dimensions comparable to the wavelength of the propagation mode.

Abstract: Electrons are arranged so they circulate along a spiral path in a vacuum. The path has a hollow symmetrical shape which is defined by a surface of a toroid. The shape is controllable by a magnetic field and the electrons can be contained within the shape. A containing force can be created by external electromagnetic fields, ions within the vacuum, or by interactions between the orbiting electrons themselves. The contained electrons store energy for later retrieval.

Abstract: A system and method for designing photonic band gap structures. The system and method provide a user with the capability to produce a model of a two-dimensional array of conductors corresponding to a unit cell. The model involves a linear equation. Boundary conditions representative of conditions at the boundary of the unit cell are applied to a solution of the Helmholtz equation defined for the unit cell. The linear equation can be approximated by a Hermitian matrix. An eigenvalue of the Helmholtz equation is calculated. One computation approach involves calculating finite differences. The model can include a symmetry element, such as a center of inversion, a rotation axis, and a mirror plane. A graphical user interface is provided for the user's convenience. A display is provided to display to a user the calculated eigenvalue, corresponding to a photonic energy level in the Brilloin zone of the unit cell.

Abstract: A vacuum electron device with a photonic bandgap structure that provides the ability to tune the behavior of the device to a particular mode of a plurality of modes of propagation. The photonic bandgap structure comprises a plurality of members, at least one of which is movable, and at least one of which is temperature controlled. The photonic bandgap structure makes possible the selection of one mode of propagation without the necessity to build structures having dimensions comparable to the wavelength of the propagation mode.

Abstract: Electrons are arranged so they circulate along a spiral path in a vacuum. The path has a hollow symmetrical shape which is defined by a surface of a toroid. The shape is controllable by a magnetic field and the electrons can be contained within the shape. A containing force can be created by external electromagnetic fields, ions within the vacuum, or by interactions between the orbiting electrons themselves. The contained electrons store energy for later retrieval.