Abstract: Disclosed is a lanthionizing composition that comprises a lanthionizing agent, such as guanidine hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, and a reduced malto-oligosaccharide. Also disclosed is a method for lanthionization, the method comprising applying to the hair the lanthionizing composition of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are derivatized malto-oligosaccharides and methods for the preparation thereof. In accordance with the disclosed invention, a malto-oligosaccharide is hydrogenated to thereby obtain a hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharide, and the resulting hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharide is derivatized, such as via oxidation, esterification, etherification, or enzymatic modification. The derivatization of such hydrogenated malto-oligosaccharides results in a surprisingly low level of a formation of by-products and products of degradation. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides is catalytically hydrogenated under reaction conditions suitable to substantially preserve the degree of polymerization (DP) profile of the mixture. The resulting malto-oligosaccharide mixture then is derivatized to form a derivatized malto-oligosaccharide mixture.

Abstract: Maltose products are prepared by hydrolyzing starch with an enzyme that consists essentially of a beta-amylase enzyme. The product thus prepared may be spray dried, or a high purity maltose product may be obtained therefrom via ultrafiltration. The high purity maltose product has a low content of glucose and saccharides in the DP 3-10 range.

Abstract: An animal litter that includes seed meal is disclosed. In accordance with the invention, the animal litter comprises discrete plural particles of a seed meal, which particles tend to agglomerate into clumps when wetted. The litter of the invention absorbs liquids such as animal excretions, and substantially reduces the odor thereof. Preferably, the litter further includes a grain germ, such as corn germ.

Abstract: Dextrins are prepared by hydrolyzing starch with an enzyme that consists essentially of a beta-amylase enzyme. The product prepared thereby will include a dextrin, such as beta-limit dextrin. Upon ultrafiltration of this product, a dextrin-rich fraction may be recovered. If desired, the dextrin-rich fraction may be further purified via diafiltration. Retrograded amylose may be separated from the product of enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of a corrugating adhesive. The method includes the steps of partially depolymerizing a hemicellulose precursor that comprises the soluble phase of an extract obtained from a hemicellulose-containing plant source, and mixing the partially depolymerized hemicellulose with starch to form an adhesive composition. The adhesive composition of the invention exhibits superior shear stability properties as compared with prior art adhesive compositions that incorporate pasted starches, and exhibits superior green tack as compared with other hemicellulose-based adhesives. Also disclosed are a corrugated board and a method for preparing same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid-absorbent polymer and a substantially clear gelatinoid product. The liquid absorbent polymer comprises a saponified graft copolymer of starch and a polynitrile species, such as polyacrylonitrile. In accordance with the disclosed invention, the liquid-absorbent polymer is prepared from a derivatized starch, the derivatized starch having a degree of substitution sufficient to substantially inhibit starch-starch interactions in the gelatinoid product formed upon mixing of the polymer with liquid. Preferred starches have a degree of substitution (DS) of at least about 0.01. Upon saponification of the liquid-absorbent polymer and placing of the polymer into absorbent contact with a liquid, a gelatinoid product will be formed. The gelatinoid product thus formed will have a substantially homogeneous index of refraction, and thus will be substantially clear.

Abstract: According to the invention a method is provided for liquefying starch comprising the steps of treating the starch prior to or simultaneously with liquefying the starch to inactivate and/or remove the enzyme inhibiting composition present in the starch and form treated starch; adding .alpha.-amylase to the treated starch; and reacting the treated starch for a time and at a temperature effective to liquefy the treated starch. Effective means to treat the starch include the addition of a phytate degrading enzyme and heat treatment, optionally followed by filtration or centrifugation, of granular starch or a starch solution.

Abstract: Breath freshening, dry pet foods, e.g., pet biscuits are prepared by topically applying a breath freshening amount of a water-soluble zinc salt to a farinaceous-based baked or cooked pet food. The amount of the water-soluble zinc salt is sufficient so that said topically-applied water-soluble zinc salt contains from about 2 mg to about 6 mg of zinc ion per 10 gm of the breath freshening pet food. Consumption of the dry pet food controls the malodorous breath of the animal. Rawhide chew coated in the same manner also provides breath freshening when chewed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of liquefying starch wherein the liquefaction step is carried out at pH less than 6. It also relates to the use of antioxidants.

Abstract: Adsorption material, preferably substantially spherical, wherein support particles having cellulose capable of binding charged particles such as proteins, are distributed over the exterior surfaces thereof, and a method for generating substantially spherical adsorption material.

Abstract: A starch slurry is liquified with alpha-amylase to produce fructose by a process wherein carbonate ion in excess of an amount needed to adjust the pH to about 5.0 to 6.0 is added to the slurry and the pH of the slurry is adjusted to about 5.0 to 6.0. The excess amount is preferably about 2 mM to 20 mM. This process enables obtaining consistent and complete liquefaction.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the maintenance of continuous activity of an immobilized enzyme reaction by initially underloading an adsorbent with a desired enzyme, monitoring the activity of the enzyme and periodically adding fresh enzyme to maintain a constant, continuous level of activity until the maximum carrying capacity of the support is reached. The method is preferably carried out when continuously isomerizing glucose to fructose with glucose isomerase adsorbed to a weakly basic anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A composite containing DEAE-cellulose agglomerated with a hydrophobic polymer is treated with tap water, deionized water or a dilute salt solution at a temperature of at least 60.degree. C. for a time sufficient to increase adsorption capacity for charged macromolecules by at least about 30%. Treatment is preferably at a temperature of about 80.degree. to about 100.degree. C. for a time period of about one-half hour to about 5 hours. The macromolecule is preferably a protein such as the enzyme, glucose isomerase.

Abstract: Highly unsaturated fatty acid compounds, and derivatives thereof, are stabilized against oxidation with a water activated oxidoreductase enzyme. The fatty acid containing component is preferably microencapsulated in a wall member which comprises the enzyme.

Abstract: Food emulsions containing highly unsaturated fatty acids or derivatives thereof are stabilized against oxidative attack upon the unsaturated components by using a stabilizer system in the water phase of the emulsion which comprises either a sugar or sugar alcohol or a sugar or sugar alcohol and a metal-ion chelator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions containing fish oil which are stabilized by enzyme systems which prevents or retards against the deleterious formation of malodorous alcohols and aldehydes thereby eliminating the undesired odor and off-flavor associated with the formation of these organic products. The enzyme system contemplated by the present invention include compositions of (a) aldehyde dehydrogenase plus alcohol dehydrogenase plus nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD); (b) aldehyde oxidase plus alcohol oxidase plus catalase; and (c) xanthine oxidase plus alcohol oxidase plus catalase.

Abstract: The process of treating baked shredded wheat with a solvent spray using a potable solvent, preferably ethanol. The solvent is subsequently evaporated from the treated shredded wheat. The treatment retards the oxidation of the oil in the shredded wheat, which consequentially, substantially slows down rancification of such oil. In this manner, the shelf-stability of the shredded wheat product is significantly extended.

Abstract: Breakfast cereals are sweetened by treating cereal grains or at least one cereal grain fraction such as bran, with enzymes comprising glucoamylase and glucose isomerase to produce fructose while retaining cereal particle discreteness or integrity. Enzymatic treatment with alpha-amylase may be initiated prior to, during, or after cooking. The enzymatically treated, cooked cereal grains are formed into breakfast cereal shapes and the enzymes are inactivated to provide a shelf-stable cereal product. The cereal products exhibit a sweet, pleasing complex-honey-like taste and aroma. Producing fructose provides a greater level of sweetness for a given amount of starch conversion into low molecular weight reducing sugars such as mono- and di-saccharides. In achieving a given level of sweetness, more starch or high molecular weight dextrins may be retained for their matrix forming ability or for improved machineability of the enzymatically treated cereal grains into breakfast cereal shapes.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to the resolubilization of an insoluble glucose isomerase-amine complex, wherein the amine has the general formula: ##STR1## The insoluble enzyme complex may be resolubilized to produce a stable concentrated and purified glucose isomerase preparation by reaction with a resolubilizing mixture comprising a cation exchange resin.