Abstract: A technique for processing of data from time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanners. The size of TOF PET data may be reduced without significant loss of information through a process called rebinning. The rebinning may use the Fourier transform properties of the measured PET data, taken with respect to the time-of-flight variable, to perform data reduction. Through this rebinning process, TOF PET data may be converted to any of the following reduced representations: 2D TOF PET data, 3D non-TOF PET data, and 2D non-TOF PET data. Mappings may be exact or approximate. Approximate mappings may not require a Fourier transform in the axial direction which may have advantages when used with PET scanners of limited axial extent. Once TOF PET data is reduced in size using this rebinning, PET images may be reconstructed with hardware and/or software that is substantially less complex and that may run substantially faster in comparison to reconstruction from the original non-rebinned data.

Abstract: A lubricating composition comprising: (a) a 2 mm2/s to about 12 mm2/s light neutral base oil; (b) 0 to 20 weight percent of a heavy neutral base oil or a brightstock with a viscosity of above about 12 mm2/s to about 40 mm2/s; and (c) at least one performance additive comprising: a polymeric thickener, a dispersant, an antiwear agent, a detergent or mixtures thereof, wherein the polymeric thickener when present has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of more than 8000 and is present in an amount to provide a total viscosity of the composition of about 12 mm2/s to about 29 mm2/s; the dispersant or detergent when present imparts basicity to said lubricating composition; and the composition has a total base number of at least about 10 mg KOH/g. The invention further provides a method of making the compositions and its use for lubricating an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A lubricating composition containing (a). at least 3 weight percent of an overbased sulphonate detergent with a metal ratio of 12.5:1 to 40:1; (b). at least 1.5 weight percent of a sulphur containing phenate detergent with a metal ratio of not more 2.5; and (c). an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the sulphur containing phenate contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % of said oligomers in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers. The composition is suitable for internal combustion engines, particularly marine diesel applications to provide improved cleanliness decreased cylinder wear and reduced deposits.

Abstract: A technique for processing of data from time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanners. The size of TOF PET data may be reduced without significant loss of information through a process called rebinning. The rebinning may use the Fourier transform properties of the measured PET data, taken with respect to the time-of-flight variable, to perform data reduction. Through this rebinning process, TOF PET data may be converted to any of the following reduced representations: 2D TOF PET data, 3D non-TOF PET data, and 2D non-TOF PET data. Mappings may be exact or approximate. Approximate mappings may not require a Fourier transform in the axial direction which may have advantages when used with PET scanners of limited axial extent. Once TOF PET data is reduced in size using this rebinning, PET images may be reconstructed with hardware and/or software that is substantially less complex and that may run substantially faster in comparison to reconstruction from the original non-rebinned data.

Abstract: A lubricating composition containing (a). at least 3 weight percent of an overbased sulphonate detergent with a metal ratio of 12.5:1 to 40:1; (b). at least 1.5 weight percent of a sulphur containing phenate detergent with a metal ratio of not more than 2.5; and (c). an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the sulphur containing phenate contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % of said oligomers in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers. The composition is suitable for internal combustion engines, particularly marine diesel applications to provide improved cleanliness decreased cylinder wear and reduced deposits.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for detecting leaks in a stuffing box of a two-stroke engine. Blended cylinder oil is produced by blending base fluid, at least one additive and a metal source having a first concentration. The metal source includes metals other than calcium and transition metals. The engine is operated by supplying the blended cylinder oil and a fuel to the engine cylinder. The concentration of the metal source is monitored using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (“XRF”) to obtain a second concentration of the metal source. The first concentration of the metal source is compared to the second concentration of the metal source.

Abstract: A method for operating a two-stroke engine using low sulfur fuels. Blended cylinder oil is produced by blending base oil and at least one additive where the total base number (“TBN”) of the blended cylinder oil ranges from 1 TBN to 20 TBN. The engine is operated by supplying the blended cylinder oil and a fuel having less than 1.0% sulfur to the engine cylinders. The additive includes a low TBN calcium salts at a weight ratio ranging from 90:10 to 10:90; or any combination thereof. A method for operating a 4-stroke engine using low and high sulfur fuels. Blended oil, having a TBN that is greater than 20 TBN, is produced by blending base oil and at least one additive. The engine is operated by exchanging a low sulfur fuel having less than 1.0% sulfur with a high sulfur fuel. The engine lubricating system is switched to the blended cylinder oil in accordance with switching the fuel from a low sulfur fuel to a high sulfur fuel.

Abstract: A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with a power output of at least 1600 kilowatts, with a lubricating composition, the method comprising: (1) monitoring one or more performance characteristics of the engine; (2) selecting an additive package to provide a desired TBN level to a lubricating composition to modify the performance characteristics of the engine; (3) combining the additive package of step (2) with (a) a component having a viscosity of about 2 mm2/s to 12 mm2/s, comprising a light neutral base oil, and optionally (b) a component having a viscosity of above 12 mm2/s to about 40 mm2/s, comprising heavy neutral base oil or a brightstock, to form a lubricating composition; and (4) supplying the lubricating composition of step (3) to the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system (and corresponding method) for reducing fuel consumption in a four-stroke trunk piston diesel engine, the system comprising: a replenishment system connected to receive engine oil from a four-stroke trunk piston diesel engine and to receive replenishment oil, where the replenishment system is configured for mixing the engine oil and the replenishment oil resulting in a mixed oil that is introduced into the engine.

Abstract: A lubricating composition containing (a). at least 3 weight percent of an overbased sulphonate detergent with a metal ratio of 12.5:1 to 40:1; (b). at least 1.5 weight percent of a sulphur containing phenate detergent with a metal ratio of not more than 2.5; and (c). an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the sulphur containing phenate contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % of said oligomers in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers. The composition is suitable for internal combustion engines, particularly marine diesel applications to provide improved cleanliness decreased cylinder wear and reduced deposits.

Abstract: An overbased metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulphurised or non-sulphurised phenol, a calixarene having a substituent hydroxyl group or groups available for reaction with metal base or a linear phenol/formaldehyde resin wherein the metal moiety comprises a first metallic component which is at least one alkaline earth metal and a second metallic component which is at least one of either (i) at least one alkali metal or (ii) at least one metal selected from Groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa and VIII of either the first or the second transition series of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the weight ratio of the first metal component to the second metal component being in the range from 1000:1 to 2:1.

Abstract: A machine for producing a number of lengths of fabric or similar material comprises a frame supporting a sub-frame for movement thereon. The sub-frame causes an adjustable winder comprising a shaft rotatable in bearings on the sub-frame and at least three supporting members parallel to but spaced from the shaft and spaced about the axis of rotation. The supporting members are carried by the shaft and the radial spacing thereof is variable to thereby vary the distance between the supporting members. At least one of the members has means for gripping one end of a sheet of material and driving means are associated with the supporting members to rotate the members about the shaft axis to thereby wind the sheet material around the members.