Abstract: A sensor system for mitigating a flame condition in a battery subject to an overcharge condition and being charged using a charging current is provided. A temperature sensor is configured to detect a temperature of at least one component of the battery, and a gas sensor is configured to detect an inflammable gas or vapor. A sensor control is configured to, when the temperature of the at least one component of the battery exceeds a pre-determined temperature threshold and when the gas sensor detects an inflammable gas or vapor, halt the charging current.

Abstract: A system and method is provided that allows the cells making up a battery pack to be kept at equal energy storage levels through the use of active re-distribution of the energy in each cell through a bi-directional transformer coupling means that will allow balancing to occur during charging, discharging, bulk charging, parallel charging or idle states.

Abstract: To convert an electrical signal from one form to another form a chopper element is placed in a circuit for receiving any arbitrary input signal. The chopper element generates a second signal. A transformer element receives the second signal at the primary winding and generates a third signal in the secondary winding. A rectification or reconstruction element is used to ensure that the third signal has the desired frequency, magnitude and polarity. A method for converting the signal is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor system for mitigating a flame condition in a battery subject to an overcharge condition and being charged using a charging current is provided. A temperature sensor is configured to detect a temperature of at least one component of the battery, and a gas sensor is configured to detect an inflammable gas or vapor. A sensor control is configured to, when the temperature of the at least one component of the battery exceeds a pre-determined temperature threshold and when the gas sensor detects an inflammable gas or vapor, halt the charging current.

Abstract: An n-phase transformer includes a core structure having a polygonal top plate and a polygonal bottom plate and n winding posts disposed symmetrically between the top and bottom plate. The primary and secondary winding loops are integrated into printed circuit boards which are then stacked over the posts in laminate fashion between the top and bottom plate.