Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide for the flameless premixed combustion of the pyrolysis gases of a milligram-sized sample of solid material in a microscale fire calorimeter (MFC) at high temperatures of combustion and under precisely controlled fuel-to-oxygen ratios. The microscale fire calorimeter (MFC) device and techniques set out herein provide for the generation of fuel gases from solids and the mixing of those fuel gases with oxygen under controlled conditions to obtain precise fuel/oxygen ratios during combustion. Combustion is conducted under flameless, premixed conditions in a rapid test that can generate soot and other products of incomplete combustion, which may then be analyzed to determine their type and nature. This allows for microscale, accurate, and convenient techniques for the generation and determination of the type and nature of combustion species produced over the full range of fire stages from early stage (over-ventilated) fires to late-stage (under-ventilated/high-toxicity) fires.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide for the flameless premixed combustion of the pyrolysis gases of a milligram-sized sample of solid material in a microscale fire calorimeter (MFC) at high temperatures of combustion and under precisely controlled fuel-to-oxygen ratios. The microscale fire calorimeter (MFC) device and techniques set out herein provide for the generation of fuel gases from solids and the mixing of those fuel gases with oxygen under controlled conditions to obtain precise fuel/oxygen ratios during combustion. Combustion is conducted under flameless, premixed conditions in a rapid test that can generate soot and other products of incomplete combustion, which may then be analyzed to determine their type and nature. This allows for microscale, accurate, and convenient techniques for the generation and determination of the type and nature of combustion species produced over the full range of fire stages from early stage (over-ventilated) fires to late-stage (under-ventilated/high-toxicity) fires.

Abstract: A calorimeter for measuring flammability parameters of materials using only milligram sample quantities. The thermochemical and thermophysical processes associated with the flaming combustion of solids are reproduced in the device through rapid anaerobic pyrolysis in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Volatile anaerobic thermal decomposition products are swept from the pyrolysis chamber by an inert gas and combined with excess oxygen in a combustion chamber maintained at several hundred degrees Centigrade to simulate the combustion reactions which occur in a well ventilated diffusion flame. Mass loss is measured continuously during the process and heat release rate is calculated from the oxygen consumed from the gas stream.