Abstract: A turbidimeter having an arrangement of internal surfaces, optical surfaces, and optical restrictions to the field of view of both the illumination and the detector means to significantly improve the lower detection limit of the turbidimeter by reducing the detected signal due to stray light.

Abstract: A turbidimeter having an arrangement of internal surfaces, optical surfaces, and optical restrictions to the field of view of both the illumination and the detector means to significantly improve the lower detection limit of the turbidimeter by reducing the detected signal due to stray light.

Abstract: A turbidimeter is described for measuring the turbidity of a liquid. The turbidimeter includes (a) a sample cell for the liquid to be tested, (b) an optical source such as a light-emitting diode (LED) for producing a light beam directed at the sample cell; (c) an optical detector, and (d) non-imaging optical concentrator located between the sample cell and the optical detector for concentrating light scattered by the liquid in the sample cell. The optical concentrator is preferably integral with the sample cell holder and it exhibits a sharp field of view which minimizes the effect of stray light in the instrument. The optical detector means produces a signal in response to the amount of scattered light it detects. The signal is converted to a turbidity value which is displayed. The turbidimeter can be battery powered and is small and compact.

Abstract: A nephelometer instrument capable of measuring from zero to 10,000 NTUs. The instrument includes four light detectors, three of which are positioned such that they measure light scattered at specific directions by a liquid sample. The fourth detector measures light transmitted through the sample. A removable light filter is also included. The light beam is focused on the front surface of the sample cell.

Abstract: A nephelometer instrument capable of measuring from zero to 10,000 NTUs. The instrument includes four light detectors, three of which are positioned such that they measure light scattered at specific directions by a liquid sample. The fourth detector measures light transmitted through the sample. A removable light filter is also included. The light beam is focused on the front surface of the sample cell.

Abstract: An ultrasonic scanner is disclosed for examining a planar region of a patient. The scanner has a transducer for emitting ultrasonic waves into the planar region of a patient which is defined by an array of subregions separated by subregion boundaries and for transforming echoes received from the planar region into electronic diagnostic values, and an electromechanical device for producing an indication of the position and the angular orientation of the transducer. The scanner also has a main memory having a plurality of addresses corresponding to the subregions for storing such diagnostic value at an address corresponding to the represented subregion, and a CRT display for displaying the diagnostic values stored in the memory. The position indication and angular orientation indication are used for generating the memory address for the diagnostic values corresponding to each echo. The addresses are generated with an analog processor, accumulator and buffer.