Abstract: This disclosure presents the Intelligent Space Tube Optimization (ISTO) method for developing computationally optimal designs or strategies. ISTO is especially valuable if predicting system response to the design or strategy is computationally intensive, and many predictions are needed in the optimization process. ISTO creates adaptively evolving multi-dimensional decision space tube(s), develops or trains surrogate simulators for the space about the tube(s), performs optimization about the tube(s) using primarily the surrogate simulators and selected optimizer(s), and then can revert to an original simulator for efficient final optimizations. A space tube consists of overlapping multi-dimensional subspaces, and lengthens in the direction of the optimal solution. The space tube can shrink or expand to aid convergence and escape from local optima. ISTO can employ any appropriate type of surrogate simulator and can employ any type of optimizer. ISTO includes a multiple cycling approach.

Abstract: Assume a decision strategy that is optimal for a primary objective function(s). Without unacceptably affecting the value of the primary objective function(s), Robustness Enhancing Optimizer (REO) modifies the optimal strategy's decision variable values to maximize the likelihood that implementing the new strategy in the real world will be satisfactory (will satisfy optimization problem constraints in the real world). Modification is via linked system parameter sensitivity analysis and multi-realization optimization. REO creates new realizations by changing system parameter(s) in a selected manner (for example, multiplying by a selected factor smaller or larger than 1 proportionally reduces or increases the parameter). REO is especially valuable where probability density functions or statistically-based realizations are unavailable, or where one wants to increase the robustness of satisfying constraints for multiple realities in a particular setting.

Abstract: A system for identity-based authorization of a user to access an account is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system employs a token comprising a token body. A medium carrying at least one characteristic descriptive of the account is carried by the token body. A transmissive member carrying a biometric in analog format occupies a cutaway region of the token body. The system further employs a token receiver adapted to receive the token. A light source is disposed on a first side of the receiver. An image capturing apparatus is positioned to receive light emitted by the light source. A first processor is in communication with the image capturing apparatus. A biometric sampler is in communication with the first processor. In operation, the system comprises creating at least one first indicator describing at least one portion of the analog biometric associated with the token. At least one second indicator describing at least one portion of a bid biometric of the user is further created.