Abstract: Various shaped abrasive particles are disclosed. Each shaped abrasive particle includes a body having at least one major surface and a side surface extending from the major surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for managing engine output. A method includes receiving at least one of a torque input and an acceleration input; generating a torque request for an engine; receiving the torque request; and determining an amount of the torque request that can be provided by a fast response actuator including a spark timing actuator based on a governed torque fraction value based on existing operating conditions of the spark timing actuator and a torque fraction value indicative of a total torque request value and an anticipated future torque demand value. The method includes managing the spark timing actuator to produce the amount of torque; determining a remaining amount of the torque request that cannot be provided the fast response actuator based on an existing operating condition of the engine; and commanding a slow response actuator to provide the remaining amount of the torque request.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for managing engine output that includes a machine manager module and a combustion module. In one embodiment, the combustion module includes a slow response pathway and a fast response pathway. The slow response pathway includes managing air and fuel actuators and the fast response pathway includes managing spark timing. According to one embodiment, managing spark timing comprises bringing a spark actuator to the middle of a spark timing range for bi-directional control and involves sacrificing engine efficiency for engine responsiveness. Further, the fast response pathway may be selectively enabled based upon an optimization index.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring health of one or more subsystems of a vehicle system are disclosed. At least one sensor can be operatively coupled to a vehicle subsystem having an operational signature and a control system is coupled to the at least one sensor. Using information provided by the at least one sensor, the control system is structured to generate a reference signature of the subsystem during a learning phase and an operational signature of the subsystem subsequent to the learning phase. Systems and methods for identifying the particular subsystem exhibiting degraded performance are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring health of one or more subsystems of a vehicle system are disclosed. At least one sensor can be operatively coupled to a vehicle subsystem having an operational signature and a control system is coupled to the at least one sensor. Using information provided by the at least one sensor, the control system is structured to generate a reference signature of the subsystem during a learning phase and an operational signature of the subsystem subsequent to the learning phase. Systems and methods for identifying the particular subsystem exhibiting degraded performance are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for managing engine output that includes a machine manager module and a combustion module. In one embodiment, the combustion module includes a slow response pathway and a fast response pathway. The slow response pathway includes managing air and fuel actuators and the fast response pathway includes managing spark timing. According to one embodiment, managing spark timing comprises bringing a spark actuator to the middle of a spark timing range for bi-directional control and involves sacrificing engine efficiency for engine responsiveness. Further, the fast response pathway may be selectively enabled based upon an optimization index.

Abstract: An algorithm for detecting a fault in an ECM output signal by determining a status of the output signal, incrementing an error timer and a retry timer when the status is abnormal, incrementing a retry counter when the retry timer reaches a maximum retry time, and reporting an intermittent fault if the retry counter reaches a retry limit before the error timer reaches an error timer maximum.

Abstract: The background grey-level of a document is determined based on the gain of the document. A histogram is generated and compressed. The standard deviation of the distribution curve of the compressed histogram is determined. A gain factor is determined using the mean and standard deviation. Using the background grey-level, the dynamic range of the document is adjusted.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a flow of developer material in a development station. Gating means for regulating the flow of developer material in a development station are mounted for movement between an open position, allowing a flow of developer material and a closed position inhibiting the flow. An abutment, movable with the gating means, has a pair of opposed surfaces and contacts a limiting surface when the gating means is in the open position. A crank is drivingly connected to a drive means. The crank has a portion which engages one of the opposed surfaces when the drive mechanism moves the crank in one direction. This causes the gating means to move toward the open position. The crank engages the other opposed surface when the drive means moves the crank in an opposite direction. This causes the gating device to move to the closed position.

Abstract: A seal-forming device for a replenishment toner receiving aperture of a development apparatus includes a resilient member mounted to the development apparatus and around the aperture. The seal-forming device also includes a woven fabric that is mounted to the resilient member and to a part of the development apparatus. The woven fabric has warp and filling fibers. The warp fibers are larger than the filling fibers and are mounted to lie in the direction of loading and unloading a replenishment toner container relative to the seal-forming device.

Abstract: A developer material mixing blender includes a shaft and self-locking segments. Each segment has a hollow hub, an inner ribbon for moving material towards one end, an outer ribbon for moving material in a second stream towards another and opposite end, and an interstream cross-mixing rib for moving material laterally from one to the other of the first and second streams in order to insure good mixing.

Abstract: In electrographic apparatus a magnetic brush development station has a housing with a sump for holding a supply of developer material, and a magnetic brush that applies developer material from the sump to a latent image on a photoconductor. A rotatable transport roller is located between the sump and the magnetic brush. A magnet in the roller attracts developer material from the sump to the roller so that rotation of the roller can move the material toward the magnetic brush. A gating and metering member in the form of a cylindrical tube is positioned around the roller and spaced from it. The tube has two elongate, spaced slots, and the tube is rotatable between first and second positions. When the tube is in one of its positions developer material from the sump can pass through one of the slots to the roller and be transported to the other slot where it is metered to the magnetic brush.