Abstract: A steam quality monitor monitoring the quality of steam flowing in the pipe includes capacitance sensing apparatus which senses the capacitance of the flowing steam and provides a capacitance signal corresponding to the said capacitance. Another sensor which may be either a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor senses either the temperature or pressure of the steam and provides a representative type signal. Circuitry connected to the capacitance sensor and to the temperature or pressure sensor provides an output corresponding to the quality of steam in accordance with the capacitance and the temperature or pressure signal.

Abstract: A magnet and two magnetic sensing means are spatially related to each other, with each magnetic sensor sensing the relative movement between the magnet and the magnetic sensor. The magnetic sensor provides a signal corresponding to the relative movement. Circuitry connected to both magnetic sensors provides an alarm in accordance with the signals from both magnetic sensors when the rotation of the crank arm is in one direction and does not provide an alarm when the rotation of the crank arm is in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A well logging system and method for determining the water saturation of an earth formation and the resistivity of the water using complex dielectric constant and formation porosity measurements. Electromagnetic energy is transmitted into the earth formation from a borehole at a frequency lying within the range of frequencies from 10 MHz to 200 MHz. Electromagnetic energies are received at two locations in the borehole. A complex dielectric constant is derived from the received electromagnetic energies. The water resistivity and the water saturation of the earth formation is derived in accordance with the porosity of the earth formation and with the real and imaginary parts of the derived complex dielectric constant.

Abstract: The present invention is a well logging method for determining the water saturation of an earth formation and the water's resistivity. Electromagnetic energy is transmitted into the earthen formation from a borehole traversing the earth formation. The electromagnetic energy is transmitted at two different frequencies within a range of frequency from 10 MHz to 200 MHz. Electromagnetic energies are received in the borehole from the earth formation. A phase difference and amplitude ratio for each transmitting frequency is derived from the received electromagnetic energy. The water resistivity and water saturation of the earth formation are derived from the derived phase differences and the amplitude ratios.