Abstract: Provided are modified arginine deiminase (ADI) proteins, including ADI proteins that comprise one or more substitutions which increase expression in bacteria as insoluble and refoldable inclusion bodies. Also provided are methods of producing the modified ADI proteins, compositions comprising the ADI proteins, and related methods of treating arginine-dependent and related diseases such as cancer.

Abstract: A sublimation/distillation apparatus including a crucible with an open end, a heating device thermally coupled to the crucible, an actively cooled collection substrate disposed above the open end of the crucible, and a vacuum chamber housing the crucible, the heating device, and the actively cooled collection substrate.

Abstract: A converter for converting an electron beam into photons is provided. The converter can include a plurality of spherical beads made of high atomic number (high-Z material) disposed within a coolant fluid. The converter can include an inlet and an outlet for the coolant fluid. The coolant fluid can flow in a opposite direction as a direction of an electron beam.

Abstract: A method for purifying lutetium includes providing a solid composition comprising ytterbium and lutetium and subliming or distilling ytterbium from the solid composition at a temperature of about 1196° C. to about 3000° C. to leave a lutetium composition comprising a higher weight percentage of lutetium than was present in the solid composition.

Abstract: A method for purifying lutetium includes providing a solid composition comprising ytterbium and lutetium and subliming or distilling ytterbium from the solid composition at a temperature of about 1196° C. to about 3000° C. to leave a lutetium composition comprising a higher weight percentage of lutetium than was present in the solid composition.

Abstract: A nuclear reaction generator includes a chamber configured to contain a gas and including a target. The nuclear reaction generator also includes a filament provided inside the chamber and a voltage source configured to apply a first positive voltage to the filament relative to the chamber. The first positive voltage is configured to heat the filament to a temperature at which thermionic emission occurs and a plurality of thermions are generated, and the plurality of thermions is configured to ionize the gas to generate positive ions in the chamber. The target is configured such that nuclear reactions occur when the positive ions interact with the target.