Abstract: An antenna to transmit a wave signal may include a transmission line to transmit the wave signal, a plurality of first transmitting conductors connected to the transmission line. The first transmitting conductors may be substantially perpendicular to the transmission line and the first transmitting conductors may be substantially the same length.

Abstract: A transmission system includes two sections. First transmitter section, located some distance from antenna, generates low power RF signal, which may be converted to digital format, modified for digital signal transport to second section transmitter, or it may transport low power RF analog signal to second section transmitter. The second section transmitter accepts signal from the first part transmitter. The incoming signal may be either pre-amplified for RF power amplifier, or if the imported signal is in the digital form it is converted into analog signal and pre-amplified for RF power amplifier. After final RF power amplification in the second section of the RF transmitter, the signal is transmitted directly to antenna radiating elements without transmission line.

Abstract: A directional communication antenna comprising a conductive member connected to transmitter power amplifiers or receiver input amplifiers is provided. The simplest antenna form includes a conductor connected to a pair of transmitter power amplifiers or a pair of receiver input amplifiers. Antenna in the transmitter mode is connected to a pair of power amplifiers sending synchronized rf signals to the ends of a conductor. Applied signals travel and collide on antenna where they are converted into the free-space wave. In the receiving mode, two or more receiver input amplifiers are connected to detect and amplify incoming signals. The incoming signals are then electronically added for improved sensitivity.

Abstract: The dual heat to cooling converter is comprised of one device which converts thermal energy to electricity and the second device which converts electrical energy to cooling. The emf generating device may be of the thermoelectric type and the cooling device of the thermionic type and conversely, the emf generating device may be of the thermionic type and the cooling device may be of the thermoelectric type. The unwanted heat generated during the conversion process is removed by the adiabatic plane, located between the emf generator and the cooling generator. The emf generator and the cooling generator and thermally isolated and electrically connected.

Abstract: A combination of Peltier and Seebeck effect provides effective way to convert thermal energy to cooling. The common electrodes are electrically in contact with both devices cells, the cell generating electricity and the cell converting electricity to cooling. Additional factors providing for superior performance are the diced Peltier elements, and possibility of utilizing different material thermoelectric elements to generate electricity. Relatively low operating temperature of Bismuth Telluride may be increased by selecting materials such as CuAgSe, Si—Ge, BiSbTe and other. These materials may operate at temperatures of 1,000° C. or higher. That may prove advantageous in automobile application where the temperature of exhaust pipe gases is high.

Abstract: The present invention is embodied in a pair of electrically connected energy conversion devices. One device, converting thermal energy to electric energy is electrically connected to the second thermally isolated device which is converting electric energy to cooling. Thermal isolation is achieved by using an electrically conducting adiabatic wall which is maintained at constant temperature. The constant temperature of the wall is maintained by removing excessive heat by conduction, convection, or radiation.

Abstract: A non-linear, high efficiency thermoelectricity generator assembly contains disk shaped thermoelectric cells electrically connected in series to each other. The assembly may be used as a generator of electricity or as a cooling apparatus. In the electricity generating mode an external heat source is required. In the cooling mode, a power source is required to provide the necessary electrical energy.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a cooling circuit located around a semiconductor circuit on the first surface. The cooling circuit includes a cooling cell with a semiconductor area of a second conductivity type and first and second conductors in parallel alignment, and located within the semiconductor area, and spaced apart from each other by a segment of the semiconductor area. The segment has a predetermined width, L, with the width L being predetermined so that the segment becomes substantially depleted when the cooling circuit is in operation.

Abstract: A cooling device has a cooling area with a predefined periphery, and a cooling circuit surrounding the cooling area. The cooling circuit includes a medium and a plurality of N conductors in parallel alignment and located within the medium, the medium being a plurality of N+1 segments, with each segment being separated from other segments by a member of the plurality of conductors.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit which translates energy between electromagnetic energy and thermal energy is disclosed. The control loop of the oscillator includes a feed forward stage and a feedback stage for establishing the necessary conditions for oscillation. The signal at the output of the oscillator circuit is applied to the input of the feedback stage and the electromagnetic energy of the output signal is translated into thermal energy by a thermal element. The thermal energy is then translated back into electromagnetic energy by a thermal sensing element to generate an electronic feedback control signal. The electronic feedback control signal is then used to control the input of the feed forward stage such that the closed loop response of the system results in a periodic signal at the output of the circuit.