Abstract: A heat conduction system including modular pipes housing a solid heat conductor made of a combination of carbon foam glass and grapheme and, for conductors, insulated from the outermost pipe by an insulating layer and with an annular gas purging gap for high-temperature applications. Also included in the system are thermal valves, manifolds, and heat exchangers to route and use the thermal energy. In an exemplary use, a down-hole heat exchanger, thermally coupled to a string of heat conduction modules, brings geothermal heat up from abandoned oil wells to operate a boiler and steam turbine. In another exemplary use, waste heat is conducted out of slag for conversion into useful energy. In yet another exemplary use, waste heat is conducted away from a nuclear reactor.

Abstract: A Tritium battery of parallel and aligned thin plate anodes and cathodes separated by thin dielectric panels and enclosed in a vented case with an external dummy load, an integral internal DC-DC converter providing converted output power to external electrical contacts, and a fuse. Logic switches power to the dummy load if there is no load on the external electrical contacts. The cathodes may be coated with an electrically conductive coating, such as graphene or a compound of carbon nanotubes and metallic micro wire. The cathodes may be superconductors. The anode includes a conductive thin plate coated with a chemically stable Tritium compound. The thin plate may be etched to increase surface area. The cases are scalable in configuration and may have ten electrodes or more on the sides as well as ends, and so encased Tritium batteries can be physically stacked side-to-side to create electrical connections for parallel power.

Abstract: A beam generator for generating an electrically neutral dual-particle (proton and electron) beam with a uniform magnetic pole orientation imposed on the particles. The uniform orientation gives the dual-particle beam a uniform magnetic field, enabling magnetic modulation of the beam and making the beam self-collimating. Proton and electron beams are generated separately but under common control to ensure equal particle densities to ensure net electrical neutrality when combined. The proton and electron beams may also be concurrently magnetically or electrostatically modulated before being combined. A magnetic lens imposes uniform right, neutral, or left spin on the combined beam. A resonant chamber with fixed or variable resonant frequency determines the frequency of a carrier signal modulated by the modulated combined beam. Electric neutrality prevents detection of the beam with antennas that rely on a signal inducing a voltage on a conductor.