Abstract: An embodiment of an apparatus for measuring properties of an earth formation includes: a carrier configured to be disposed in a borehole in an earth formation; a scintillation material configured to emit light flashes in response to exposure to radiation, the scintillation material having a surface configured to be directed toward a region of the formation; an array of solid-state photodetectors that extends along at least one surface of the scintillation material, wherein the scintillation material has a shape configured to concentrate the light flashes and direct the light flashes toward the array; and a processor configured to detect signals generated by photo detectors in the array and estimate energy levels and positions of the light flashes within the scintillation material.

Abstract: An embodiment of an apparatus for measuring properties of an earth formation includes: a carrier configured to be disposed in a borehole in an earth formation; a scintillation material configured to emit light flashes in response to exposure to radiation, the scintillation material having a surface configured to be directed toward a region of the formation; an array of solid-state photodetectors that extends along at least one surface of the scintillation material, wherein the scintillation material has a shape configured to concentrate the light flashes and direct the light flashes toward the array; and a processor configured to detect signals generated by photo detectors in the array and estimate energy levels and positions of the light flashes within the scintillation material.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting thermal and epithermal neutrons. The apparatus includes a first radiation responsive element configured to absorb substantially all incident thermal neutrons and produce first light scintillations indicative of the absorbed thermal neutrons and a second radiation responsive element configured to produce second light scintillations indicative of at least epithermal neutrons that traverse the first radiation responsive element. Also disclosed are borehole logging methods and apparatuses for estimating formation properties using nuclear radiation, particularly an apparatus and method for estimating parameters of a formation. The method may include using neutron count rate information from a detector to model porosity or salinity. The apparatus includes a processor and storage subsystem with a program that, when executed, implements the method.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole includes: a carrier configured to be conveyed through the borehole; a transmitter antenna disposed at the carrier and configured to emit electromagnetic energy into the earth formation; a controller configured to control electrical current of frequency f transmitted to the transmitter antenna, wherein the transmitted electrical current is non-sinusoidal having a first section with a uniform positive slope and a second section with a uniform negative slope; a receiver antenna configured to receive a signal from the formation indicative of the property; and a processor configured to receive the signal from the receiver antenna and to estimate the property using the received signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole includes: a carrier configured to be conveyed through the borehole; a transmitter antenna disposed at the carrier and configured to emit electromagnetic energy; a direction guidance antenna configured to receive the electromagnetic energy from the transmitter antenna and direct the electromagnetic energy into the formation and to receive a signal from the formation indicative of the property; a receiver antenna configured to receive the signal from the direction guidance antenna; and a processor configured to receive the signal from the receiver antenna and to estimate the property using the received signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting thermal and epithermal neutrons. The apparatus includes a first radiation responsive element configured to absorb substantially all incident thermal neutrons and produce first light scintillations indicative of the absorbed thermal neutrons and a second radiation responsive element configured to produce second light scintillations indicative of at least epithermal neutrons that traverse the first radiation responsive element. Also disclosed are borehole logging methods and apparatuses for estimating formation properties using nuclear radiation, particularly an apparatus and method for estimating parameters of a formation. The method may include using neutron count rate information from a detector to model porosity or salinity. The apparatus includes a processor and storage subsystem with a program that, when executed, implements the method.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole includes: a carrier configured to be conveyed through the borehole; a transmitter antenna disposed at the carrier and configured to emit electromagnetic energy; a direction guidance antenna configured to receive the electromagnetic energy from the transmitter antenna and direct the electromagnetic energy into the formation and to receive a signal from the formation indicative of the property; a receiver antenna configured to receive the signal from the direction guidance antenna; and a processor configured to receive the signal from the receiver antenna and to estimate the property using the received signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole includes: a carrier configured to be conveyed through the borehole; a transmitter antenna disposed at the carrier and configured to emit electromagnetic energy into the earth formation; a controller configured to control electrical current of frequency f transmitted to the transmitter antenna, wherein the transmitted electrical current is non-sinusoidal having a first section with a uniform positive slope and a second section with a uniform negative slope; a receiver antenna configured to receive a signal from the formation indicative of the property; and a processor configured to receive the signal from the receiver antenna and to estimate the property using the received signal.