Abstract: A variable optical attenuator (VOA) may include an input collimator with an input fiber connected on one side and an output collimator with an output fiber connected on one side, where the collimators are on a same surface of a VOA enclosure. A retroreflector may receive a light beam from the input collimator and reflect the light beam to the output collimator. The VOA may include an attenuation element positioned between the input collimator and the retroreflector and/or another attenuation element positioned between the retroreflector and the output collimator to provide variable attenuation to the light beam. The attenuation elements may be moved to set an attenuation level by one or more adjustment elements such as a miniature motor. The attenuation element may include a gradient index (GRIN) element, a polarizer, a neutral density filter, or a wavelength tunable filter.

Abstract: An imager captures images of a living subject including a near-infrared image, an infrared image, or both. A processor is connected to the imager and an output device. The processor is configured to generate output images of vasculature of the living subject from the images captured by the imager, include in the output images a range of discrete scale comparator objects of different sizes, and provide the output images to the output device for display to a user.

Abstract: An imager captures images of a living subject including a near-infrared image, an infrared image, or both. A processor is connected to the imager and an output device. The processor is configured to generate output images of vasculature of the living subject from the images captured by the imager, include in the output images a range of discrete scale comparator objects of different sizes, and provide the output images to the output device for display to a user.

Abstract: A multispectral medical imaging device includes illumination devices arranged to illuminate target tissue. The illumination devices emit light of different near-infrared wavelength bands. The device further includes an objective lens, a near-infrared image sensor positioned to capture image frames reflected from the target tissue, and a visible-light image sensor positioned to capture image frames reflected from the target tissue. A processor is configured to modulate near-infrared light output of the plurality of illumination devices to illuminate the target tissue. The processor is further configured to determine reflectance intensities from the image frames captured by the near-infrared image sensor and to generate a dynamic tissue oxygen saturation map of the target tissue using the reflectance intensities. The device further includes an output device connected to the processor for displaying the dynamic tissue oxygen saturation map.

Abstract: A multispectral medical imaging device includes illumination devices arranged to illuminate target tissue. The illumination devices emit light of different near-infrared wavelength bands. The device further includes an objective lens, a near-infrared image sensor positioned to capture image frames reflected from the target tissue, and a visible-light image sensor positioned to capture image frames reflected from the target tissue. A processor is configured to modulate near-infrared light output of the plurality of illumination devices to illuminate the target tissue. The processor is further configured to determine reflectance intensities from the image frames captured by the near-infrared image sensor and to generate a dynamic tissue oxygen saturation map of the target tissue using the reflectance intensities. The device further includes an output device connected to the processor for displaying the dynamic tissue oxygen saturation map.

Abstract: A system is set forth for detection of catheter location for intravenous access, comprising a catheter having a light source for illuminating a needle tip thereof; and an infrared detector and image projector for simultaneously detecting image vasculature and the location of the needle tip below the surface of the skin and in response projecting an image onto the skin to reveal the location of the needle tip relative to the vasculature.

Abstract: A multispectral medical imaging device includes illumination devices arranged to illuminate target tissue. The illumination devices emit light of different near-infrared wavelength bands. The device further includes an objective lens, a near-infrared image sensor positioned to capture image frames reflected from the target tissue, and a visible-light image sensor positioned to capture image frames reflected from the target tissue. A processor is configured to modulate near-infrared light output of the plurality of illumination devices to illuminate the target tissue. The processor is further configured to determine reflectance intensities from the image frames captured by the near-infrared image sensor and to generate a dynamic tissue oxygen saturation map of the target tissue using the reflectance intensities. The device further includes an output device connected to the processor for displaying the dynamic tissue oxygen saturation map.

Abstract: An infrared detector and image projector system is set forth comprising an IR imager/projector for capturing an image of a vein and a needle and projecting the image on a surface; and a discrimination and guidance system for discriminating the needle from the image, calculating parameters of the needle and based on these parameters causing the IR imager/projector to project the image of the needle and vein and additional information to assist in visualizing needle insertion through tissue into the vein.

Abstract: An infrared detector and image projector system is set forth comprising an IR imager/projector for capturing an image of a vein and a needle and projecting the image on a surface; and a discrimination and guidance system for discriminating the needle from the image, calculating parameters of the needle and based on these parameters causing the IR imager/projector to project the image of the needle and vein and additional information to assist in visualizing needle alignment with the vein and insertion through tissue into the vein.

Abstract: A system is set forth for detection of catheter location for intravenous access, comprising a catheter having a light source for illuminating a needle tip thereof; and an infrared detector and image projector for simultaneously detecting image vasculature and the location of the needle tip below the surface of the skin and in response projecting an image onto the skin to reveal the location of the needle tip relative to the vasculature.