Abstract: An animal running surface composition and optimization technique is described. The surface provides a firm in-place foundation layer above which is spread a surface layer. The surface layer intermixes earthen material and rubber particles which may be sized from one-quarter to three-quarters of an inch. These particles may also be shredded rubber from scrap tires to assist in waste disposal. The ratio of the amount of rubber particles to earthen material in the surface, the size of the rubber particles, and the depth of the surface layer can be varied to optimize the surface for particular uses ranging from horse or equestrian tracks to dog tracks to arenas, etc. Several other variations such as the avoidance of organic material, removal of any metallic materials, and inclusion of other layers are also provided for. The present invention provides resiliency, optimizes water use, is porous for drainage, and can be reasonably constructed, among other advantages.

Abstract: Soil amendment techniques are described utilizing solid rubber particles to be mixed with soil to improve porosity and reduce compaction. The rubber particles are preferably derived from shredded scrap tires. The size of the rubber particles may vary, and the amount of rubber mixed with the soil may also vary. The soil amendment techniques are especially useful for reducing compaction of soil under turf (e.g., football fields, soccer fields, golf courses, steeplechase courses, pathways, and the like). The soil amendment also improves soil porosity. Sod grown on soil including rubber particles, and later placed on soil which also includes rubber particles, will reduce certain types of athletic injuries to humans as well as horses. Also, the inclusion of rubber particles in soil improves the use efficiency of water and fertilizer.