Abstract: An arrow and method of making it. The arrow has a hollow arrow shaft, a single piece adaptor having one end with an outer diameter and a cylindrical bore with an inner surface adhesively engageable about a first end of the shaft and an externally threaded opposite end. An inclined surface surrounds the externally threaded end and tapers inwardly from the outer diameter of the one end towards the bore. The inclined surface has a diameter greater than that of the external threads. The external threads and inclined surface receive and retain an arrow point with internal threads and inclined surface so that impact forces are not transmitted to the inner surface of the shaft. A balance pin has a shaft portion received in the arrow shaft, and a head portion interconnected to one end of the balance pin shaft portion. The head portion has a diameter greater than the shaft portion outer diameter and smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical bore.

Abstract: An electric fence controller (20) interconnected to electric fence terminals (136, 138) by a three terminal spark gap arrangement (140) one terminal (142) being interconnected to the fence hot terminal (136), a second terminal (144) being interconnected to the fence ground terminal (138) and a third terminal (146) being interconnected to utility ground (48). High voltage surges on the electric fence will thus be diverted either to the local fence ground terminal (138) or to the utility ground (48) whichever ground has the least resistance to ground thereby assuring an effective ground so as to prevent damage due to lightning strikes.

Abstract: An arrow end adaptor and a balance pin for an arrow and a method for making the same. The arrow comprising a ferrule having a large enough inner diameter to be placed over the arrow shaft, and further having an exterior threaded end whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the arrow shaft. The point cap is designed such that an arrow point having interior threads may be attached to the exterior threaded end of the point cap. The balance pin is designed to have a head at one end that may be affixed to either a target point or a point cap and a shaft end that may be inserted into the arrow shaft.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rail-type fence using electricity which includes a plurality of support posts between which are extended continuous electrical wires. The electrical wire is enclosed within and supports a conductive tubular rail. The wire is held against the inner wall of the tubular rail by end plugs and splices. An alternate embodiment of the rail-type fence includes a plurality of electrified wires positioned within the outer surface of the walls of a nonconductive tubular rail. In this embodiment, a conductive end plug transfers electricity from the electrical wire within the tubular rail to the electrified wires embedded in the rail's walls.