Abstract: A non-destructive testing instrument useful for measuring of organic constituents of materials utilizes interactance of near infrared radiation from near infrared emitting diodes positioned at one end of a light transmitting cylinder having a length sufficient so that diode point sources provide uniform radiation at the other end of the cylinder, the cylinder being shielded from light. A detector, which may be inside the cylinder, detects the interactance from such radiation to provide a measurement of body fat utilizing a unique formula and unique measuring technique to prevent noise and incorrect measurements.

Abstract: In the quantitative analysis of a sample by computing constituents from optical absorptivity data at different wavelengths, optical absorptivity data values for selected nominal wavelengths are obtained by curvilinear interpolation from measured optical absorptivity data values obtained by use of narrow band width filters. The computed optical data values are utilized to compute percentage constituents by means of algorithms which may include one or more first or second derivatives.

Abstract: An instrument for automatically and accurately determining the "test weight" of grain, utilizes a confined column having a constant cross sectional area with means for sequentially dumping a plurality of batches of grain from the column and weighing the batches as dumped, combined with means for detecting the height of the grain in the column before or after each dump and feeding the information as to the height and weight to a microprocessor to determine the weight per unit volume utilizing linear regression equations. The instrument also includes an infrared spectroscopic detection device for determining moisture, protein, and oil content.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically determining the test weight per bushel of grain utilizes the principal components of the standard approved test, namely a stoppered bottom hopper, a measured quart kettle and a stroker. The operation of the stoppered bottom and the stroker is automatic by virtue on being mounted on a reciprocating slide. The test kettle is pivotally mounted for dumping by a drive motor, and the entire dumping drive motor arrangement and support is mounted on a load cell for weighing the measured grain in the test kettle. The operations are automatically controlled in sequence, first taring the load cell, then unstopping the hopper bottom, next stroking the test kettle, then reading the load cell and last dumping the test kettle to prepare for the next test weighing.

Abstract: A near infrared quantitative analysis instrument provides for correction of wide temperature variations in unground cereal grain sample and the ambient by providing thermistors to measure the temperature of the sample and the ambient and utilizing the measurements as additional variables in multiple regression equations.

Abstract: A near infrared quantitative analysis instrument provides for correction of wide temperature variations in unground cereal grain sample by providing a thermistor to measure the temperature of the sample and utilizing this measurement as an additional variable in multiple regression equations.

Abstract: An apparatus for near infrared quantitative analysis with an infrared emitting diode (IRED) source utilizes narrow bandpass filters and silicon detectors to provide highly accurate and inexpensive measurement. A narrow bandpass filter in the light path of the IRED passes wavelengths outside the half power bandwidth points of the IRED. A silicon detector together with a sensitive amplifier is used to accurately measure linearly up to six decades of light sensitivity at desired wavelengths.

Abstract: In a sample used to test the accuracy of an instrument designed to quantitatively analyze organic material from the optical characteristics of the material, a sealed container is filled with a mixture of ground quartz and the organic material to be analyzed in the instrument. A window is provided in the sealed container to permit irradiation of the mixture so that the instrument can perform a quantitative analysis on the mixture in the sealed container.

Abstract: A technique for automatic detection of abnormalities, particularly pathology, in biomedical specimens. Light transmittance or reflectance data over a large number of wavelengths for numerous samples are correlated mathematically with conventional clinical results to select test wavelengths and constants for a correlation equation. Optical instrumentation with an analog or digital computer applies the resulting correlation equation to the spectral data on a given specimen at the test wavelengths to determine quantitatively the presence of the abnormality.