Abstract: A fuel oil composition comprises a fuel oil in a major amount, which fuel oil has a mass % against n-alkane carbon number distribution curve characterised by: (i) a maximum negative gradient from carbon number 18 to carbon number 26 that is less than ?0.30; and (ii) a ratio of the mass of n-alkanes of carbon number greater than 22 to the mass of n-alkanes from carbon number 18 to carbon number 21 that does not exceed 0.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition comprising a major amount of a fuel oil and a minor amount of a compound being the product of the reaction between (i) a primary or secondary hydrocarbyl-substituted amine or a mixture thereof and (ii) a species containing two or more epoxy groups being: a glycidyl ether (a) or (b), a glycidyl amine (c), a glycidyl ester (d) or a poly-epoxy alkane (e).

Abstract: A method of improving the low temperature properties of an oil comprising fatty acid alkyl esters derived from plant or animal materials, wherein at least 5% by weight of the fatty acid alkyl esters are derived from C16-C22 saturated fatty acids. The method comprising reacting at least a portion of the oil with a polyalkylene polyamine or an imidazoline compound carrying both a poly-alkylene imine substituent and at least one primary amine group.

Abstract: Jet fuel compositions having good low temperature operability.

Abstract: A fuel additive comprising a) at least one wax having a refractive index of greater than 1.4550 at 70° C. and a melting point of less than 40° C.

Abstract: Crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils have their flow point improved by adding to the crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil a minor proportion by weight of a polymer containing the repeating units: ##STR1## where x is an integer and y is 0 or an integer and wherein in the total polymer x+y is at least two.

Abstract: Copolymers of straight chain alpha olefins and maleic anhydride esterified with an alcohol wherein the alpha olefin is of the formula:R.CH=CH.sub.2and the alcohol is of the formula:R.sup.1 OHin which at least one of R and R.sup.1 is greater than 10 and the sum of R and R.sup.1 is from 18 to 38 and R.sup.1 is linear or contains a methyl branch at the 1 or 2 position have been found to be effective additives for improving the low temperature properties of distillate fuels.

Abstract: A liquid hydrocarbon particularly fuel oil containing an amine-salt having the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or a hydrogen - and carbon-containing group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or hydrogen - and carbon containing groups containing at least 12 carbon atom;R.sup.5 is a hyrdrogen-and carbon-containing group containing at least 12 carbon atoms;X is --OR.sup.6, NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 or [--O].sup.-+ [NHR.sup.9 R.sup.10 R.sup.11 ] and Y is --OR.sup.12, NR.sup.13 R.sup.14 or [--O].sup.-+ [NHR.sup.15 R.sup.16 R.sup.17 ]where R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are hydrogen or hydrogen and carbon containing groups, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.17 are hydrogen - and carbon containing groups; provided that R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 cannot all be alkyl groups.

Abstract: Cold start performances in an engine of a wax-containing fuel may be assessed by drawing said fuel from a container under standardized conditions through a filter and measuring the rate of flow of fuel past said filter and comparing said flow rate with a flow rate obtained under the same conditions with a fuel of known cold start performance. This provides a relatively quick and simple indication of whether an engine running on such a fuel at the test temperature might be expected to have its filter blocked by the wax, preventing it from starting.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lubricating oil composition containing a dual additive combination for reducing the low temperature viscosity properties thereof. Such additive combination comprises a Component A, e.g., a polymethacrylate or esterified styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer and a Component B, e.g., sorbitan tristearate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a lubricating oil containing less than 3 wt. % of a mixture of (1) a lubricating oil pour depressant and (2) a polyoxyalkylene ester, ether, ester/ether or mixture thereof containing one or more C.sub.10 to C.sub.30 alkyl groups and polyoxyalkylene glycol group of molecular weight 100 to 5000, the alkylene group of said polyoxyalkylene glycol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The pour depressant can for example be a vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyalkylacrylate, a polyalkylmethacrylate or an esterified olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer.

Abstract: As a flow improver in a crude oil or a liquid hydrocarbon fuel are used polymers containing more than one amide group, the amide being an amide of a secondary amine, and either the amide group or an ester group of the polymer containing a hydrogen- and carbon-containing group of at least 10 carbon atoms, provided that if the polymer is derived from the polymerization of an aliphatic olefin and maleic anhydride, the polymer must have both an amide group and an ester group each of which contains a hydrogen- and carbon-containing group of at least 10 carbon atoms, for example, a diamide of a copolymer of an alkyl fumarate, vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A crude oil or fuel oil composition comprises a major proportion by weight of a crude oil or a fuel oil and a minor proportion by weight of a polycarbonate containing the group ##STR1## where n is an integer of two or more and A is an alkylene, aralkylene or arylene radical, provided the alkylene group can be interrupted by one or more hetero atoms or by one or more carboxylic ester, carbamoyl, urethane, urea or tertiary amino groups. A typical polycarbonate has the formula ##STR2## where R are C.sub.10 to C.sub.30 alkyl groups.

Abstract: Polymers or copolymers containing an n-alkyl ester of a mono-ethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono- or dicarboxylic acid wherein the average number of carbon atoms in the n-alkyl groups is from 12 to 14, and which contain no more than 10 wt. % of comonomer containing alkyl groups containing more than 14 carbon atoms and preferably no more than 20 wt. % of comonomer in which the alkyl group contains fewer than 12 carbon atoms are low temperature flow improvers for distillate fuels improving flow and filterability as well as lowering cloud point.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lubricating oil composition containing a dual additive combination for reducing the low temperature viscosity properties thereof. Such additive combination comprises a Component A, e.g., a polymethacrylate or esterified styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer and a Component B, e.g., sorbitan tristearate.

Abstract: The low temperature properties of a distillate petroleum fuel oil boiling in the range 120.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., and whose 20% and 90% distillation points differ by less than 100.degree. C., and/or whose Final Boiling Point is in the range 340.degree. C. to 370.degree. C. are improved by the addition of a polymer or copolymer having at least 25 wt. % of n-alkyl groups of average number of carbon atoms from 12 to 14 with no more than 10 wt. % containing more than 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The low temperature properties of a distillate petroleum fuel oil boiling in the range 120.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., and whose 20% and 90% distillation points differ by less than 100.degree. C., and/or whose Final Boiling Point is in the range 340.degree. C. to 370.degree. C. are improved by the addition of a polymer or copolymer having at least 25 wt. % of n-alkyl groups of average number of carbon atoms from 12 to 14 with no more than 10 wt. % containing more than 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An additive combination for improving the cold flow properties of distillate fuels comprises a combination of:(A) a distillate flow improver which is an ethylene containing polymer, preferably a copolymer of ethylene with unsaturated esters, e.g. vinyl acetate;(B) a hydrocarbon polymer of C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 olefin of number average molecular weight of 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6 or derivatized version thereof, for example copolymers of ethylene and propylene, or polyisobutylene, which are used as lubricating oil V.I. improvers; and(C) a polar oil soluble compound which includes amides, salts, carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, phenates and borates, having hydrocarbon solubilizing groups, for example salts and amides of polycarboxylic acid such as phthalic anhydride reacted with hydrogenated secondary tallow amine.

Abstract: Distillate fuels, particularly those having a relatively high final boiling point, are significantly improved in their flow and filterability properties utilizing a two component additive consisting of 25 to 95 wt. % preferably 50 to 90 wt. % of C.sub.30 -C.sub.300 oil-soluble nitrogen compound being an amide or amine salt of an aromatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid and 75 to 5 wt. % preferably 10 to 50 wt. % of a certain category of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers,ester/ethers or mixtures thereof containing two C.sub.10 -C.sub.30 linear saturated alkyl groups and a polyoxy (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkylene glycol group of molecular weight 200 to 5,000 have been found to be effective distillate fuel flow improvers, especially for narrow boiling distillates hitherto difficult to treat, they may also be used in combination with conventional additives such as ethylene/unsaturated ester copolymers and nitrogen compounds such as diamides or amide/amine salts, ester/amides of dicarboxylic acids.