Abstract: A circular lamella clarifier is disclosed having a radially extending lip member to provide optimum flow straightening prior to entering the gap separation between the stacked lamella members. Other features of the circular lamella clarifier such as preferred gap separation is disclosed. A method for making the lamella members is disclosed.

Abstract: Resharpenable cemented carbide cutting tools which have been treated by ion implantation, as well as a method of making and using these tools, are described. Applicants have found that the benefits of the initial ion implantation on cemented carbide tool life will remain after sharpening of the tool.

Abstract: This is an electrochemical machining process for removing high spots from the surface of reactive metal workpieces. The process utilizes measuring of the workpiece to locate high spots (imperfections), then positioning a wedge-shaped, zero-angle electrochemical machining tool with its center line aligned with the center of the high spot, and then moving the tool parallel to the workpiece surface across the high spot at a product of current times inverse of speed essentially proportional to the amount of material to be removed. Preferably, the speed of tool movement is maintained essentially constant and the current is varied proportionally to the amount of material along the center line of the high spot which is to be removed.

Abstract: An apparatus and means for removing slivers and burrs from machined laminated components utilizes a salt solution, such as sodium nitrate, as the electrolyte which flows between a cathode and the laminated member which is connected to the positive terminal of an electrical power supply. The electrolyte is pumped into the gap between the cathode and laminated component and an electrical current flows between the laminated member and the cathode, removing metal which is deplated or released into the stream of electrolyte. The use of a salt solution, as opposed to an acidic solution, for the electrolyte fluid reduces the need for cleaning and neutralizing the acid remaining on the workpiece and, furthermore, reduces the potential hazards normally associated with the use of acids.

Abstract: In a computerized numerical control (CNC) or a direct numerical control (DNC) machine tool, the second derivative as a function of time of the net power applied to the cutting tool is used to detect approaching tool failure, and a statistical representation of such occurrences with a series of tools is used to derive instantaneously the percentage of wear experienced by a new tool in terms of the statistically expected critical level of net power.

Abstract: Deburring, polishing, surface forming and the like are carried out by electrochemical machining with conformable electrode means including an electrically conducting and an insulating web. The surface of the work to be processed is covered by a deformable electrically insulating web or cloth which is perforated and conforms with the work. The web is covered by a deformable perforated electrically conducting screen electrode which also conforms with, and is insulated from, the work by the insulating web. An electrolyte is conducted through the electrode and insulating web and along the work through a perforated elastic member which engages the electrode under pressure pressing the electrode and web against the work. High current under low voltage is conducted betwen the electrode and work through the insulator, removing material from the work.

Abstract: A capacitance gauging apparatus is described for monitoring the texture or flatness of a conductive surface. Conductive plate members, resiliently supported on a flexible substrate, provide a probe to measure the texture of a surface to be monitored, the surface itself forming the other plate of a capacitor. The capacitance probe is electrically energized and connected to a monitoring circuit. As the insulated probe rests on the conducting surface, the resulting capacitance changes the frequency of the monitoring circuit. The monitoring circuitry counts the pulses within a period, the number of pulses being proportional to the surface texture, i.e., the higher the number, the coarser the surface texture, and conversely. The period of counting is set such that the surface texture may be displayed directly in microinches or micrometers.