Abstract: A horizontal position and vertical elevation measurement apparatus and method for measuring horizontal positioning and absolute elevations of railways, paved or unpaved roadways, and other travel surfaces. The apparatus is capable of determining longitudinal and transverse elevational profiles in an X-Y-Z coordinate format usable with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Land Information Systems (LIS) to project present and future traffic counts and traffic flow patterns. It can measure the horizontal location and elevations of paved and unpaved travel surfaces, potholes, cracks, wheel ruts, etc. within a travel surface, and the horizontal location and elevations of railway tracks when conventional railroad high rail gear is used. The apparatus has Global Positioning System (GPS) signal receiving units fixed to each end of a sensor bar mounted on a vehicle perpendicular to vehicle movement.

Abstract: A cover for use in blocking the openings in disposable oil filters for protection of the interior surfaces of new disposable oil filters from outside contamination and also for containment of residual oil within used disposable oil filters to prevent leakage of the used oil therefrom. The protective cover has a coverplate and a knob located on the upper surface thereof for attaching and removing the protective cover from a disposable oil filter. The protective cover may also have external threads on the perimeter of the coverplate for mating with internal threads on the disposable oil filter, an externally threaded inner shaft depending from the lower surface of the coverplate, a fixed or free-spinning knob, and studs for additional security in covering the openings located through the outer surface of the disposable oil filter.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks is improved by hydrotreating the cracking feed under conditions of relatively low temperature, typically below 390.degree. C. for start-of-cycle, and high pressure, typically above 10,000 kPa, preferably above 12,000 kPa. The use of these conditions favors aromatics saturation to produce a cracking feed of improved crackability so that higher conversion is achieved in the cracking step at constant cracking conditions with production of naphtha of good octane quality. At the same time, desulfurization is achieved to maintain cracker SO.sub.x emissions at required levels; the advantages of high pressure operation are more notable at high denitrogenation severities while still achieving a low catalyst aging rate.

Abstract: Water soluble oxygenates of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis separated from water and acids are sequentially converted by a dehydration catalyst and a special zeolite catalyst to provide a product containing a major proportion of middle distillate.

Abstract: A process is provided for catalytically dewaxing a middle distillate with a ZSM-5 type catalyst. In this process the olefinic by-product is separated and catalytically converted to additional fuel oil and gasoline of good quality.

Abstract: The economics and thermal efficiency of an olefin-to-gasoline-conversion process utilizing catalyst beds is improved by separating the effluent product from the beds into a gas in a liquid phase, cooling the gas phase to form additional liquid and heat exchanging the liquid with the overhead gas from the separator.

Abstract: Catalytically dewaxed lubricating base stock oils that have improved resistance to oxidation are produced by pretreating the waxy furfural raffinate with a zeolite sorbent prior to dewaxing with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5, and conducting the dewaxing at a reduced temperature not to exceed about 675.degree.-700.degree. F.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the conversion of a syngas to a liquid hydrocarbon product having a boiling range of less than 400.degree. F. at a 90% overhead and being a predominantly olefinic product, wherein the olefins have substantially internal double bonds. The method for accomplishing this stated result involves an improvement in the method for the conversion of synthesis gas by contacting the same with a catalyst composite comprising a mixture of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and a volume excess of an acidic catalyst, e.g., silica-alumina or a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and wherein the activity of the acidic component is balanced with the activity of the Fischer-Tropsch component so as to maximize the yield of desired olefinic product.

Abstract: Water-soluble oxygenates of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis separated from water and acids are sequentially upgraded by a dehydration catalyst and a special zeolite catalyst to produce gasoline, LPG and light fuel oil.