Abstract: A method of generating electricity from light, that uses a photovoltaic array, that includes a junction between an inorganic electron-donating layer and an inorganic electron-accepting layer. The electron-donating layer includes moieties which after photon activation have unpaired electrons, and wherein some of the electrons are freed when light strikes the electron-donating layer, thereby transforming the moieties into free radicals or equivalents but many of the freed electrons recombine. Also, many of the free radicals or equivalents in the triplet state are optimally responsive to a selective magnetic field that has been determined to optimally increase the lifetime of the triplet state of the free radicals and thereby forestall recombination of the freed electrons into the free radicals. A magnetic field of substantially the optimal strength that is substantially unvarying over the electron donating layer is created as the array is being exposed to light.

Abstract: A therapeutic magnetic field device, having a magnetic field generator; a magnetic field sensor; and a data entry panel, permitting a user to input time periods and electromagnetic field strengths, for an electromagnetic field production regime. The device also includes a data processor including non-transitory computer readable memory, adapted to control the magnetic field generator to output a magnetic field in accordance with data received from the data entry panel.

Abstract: A method of killing cells of a targeted cell type in a patient body that utilizes nanoparticles having a first portion, which when exposed to a target portion of a targeted cell type, binds to the target portion and a second portion, joined to the first portion, and comprised of a low resistivity material. The nanoparticles are introduced into a contact area where they contact cells of the targeted cell type. Contemporaneously, the contact area is exposed to a varying magnetic field of insufficient strength to increase the temperature of any part of the patient body by more than ten degrees Celsius, but which creates a current at the nanoparticles sufficient to disrupt function of the targeted cell type.

Abstract: A method of killing cells of a targeted cell type in a patient body that utilizes nanoparticles having a first portion, which when exposed to a target portion of a targeted cell type, binds to the target portion and a second portion, joined to the first portion, and comprised of a low resistivity material. The nanoparticles are introduced into a contact area where they contact cells of the targeted cell type. Contemporaneously, the contact area is exposed to a varying magnetic field of insufficient strength to increase the temperature of any part of the patient body by more than ten degrees Celsius, but which creates a current at the nanoparticles sufficient to disrupt function of the targeted cell type.

Abstract: A method of killing cells of a targeted cell type in a patient body that utilizes nanoparticles having a first portion, which when exposed to a target portion of a targeted cell type, binds to the target portion and a second portion, joined to the first portion, and comprised of a low resistivity material. The nanoparticles are introduced into a contact area where they contact cells of the targeted cell type. Contemporaneously, the contact area is exposed to a varying magnetic field of insufficient strength to increase the temperature of any part of the patient body by more than ten degrees Celsius, but which creates a current at the nanoparticles sufficient to disrupt function of the targeted cell type.

Abstract: A method of killing cells of a targeted cell type in a patient body that utilizes nanoparticles (10) having a first portion (12), which when exposed to a target portion (14) of a targeted cell type (16), binds to the target portion and a second portion (10A), joined to the first portion, and comprised of a low resistivity material. The nanoparticles are introduced into a contact area where they contact cells of the targeted cell type. Contemporaneously, the contact area is exposed to a varying magnetic field of insufficient strength to increase the temperature of any part of the patient body by more than ten degrees Celsius, but which creates a current (20) at the nanoparticles sufficient to disrupt function of the targeted cell type.

Abstract: A method of generating electricity from light that utilizes an array of photovoltaic cells, each including a junction between an electron-donating layer, and an electron-accepting layer, and wherein each cell produces a maximum current during exposure to light when it is exposed to a magnetic field having an optimal strength, and wherein the optimal magnetic field strength varies by more than 5% between the photovoltaic cells. For each the cell, a magnetic field is created in an optimal range of magnetic field strength, that is substantially unvarying over the electron donating layer, as the array is being exposed to light.

Abstract: A therapeutic magnetic field device, having a magnetic field generator; a magnetic field sensor; and a data entry panel, permitting a user to input time periods and electromagnetic field strengths, for an electromagnetic field production regime. The device also includes a data processor including non-transitory computer readable memory, adapted to control the magnetic field generator to output a magnetic field in accordance with data received from the data entry panel.

Abstract: A method of creating and sustaining an elevated level of free radicals in a volume of targeted tissue that utilizes targeted nanostructures (16) that include a metallic component (26) that acts to amplify the effects of a free radical-producing stimulus; a magnetic component; and a binding component (24) that acts to bind to cellular components present in the targeted tissue. To practice the method, the targeted nanostructures are introduced into the targeted tissue and a free radical-producing stimulus, which may be in the form of a particle beam (20) is provided at the targeted tissue volume.

Abstract: A method of killing cells of a targeted cell type in a patient body that utilizes nanoparticles (10) having a first portion (12), which when exposed to a target portion (14) of a targeted cell type (16), binds to the target portion and a second portion (10A), joined to the first portion, and comprised of a low resistivity material. The nanoparticles are introduced into a contact area where they contact cells of the targeted cell type. Contemporaneously, the contact area is exposed to a varying magnetic field of insufficient strength to increase the temperature of any part of the patient body by more than ten degrees Celsius, but which creates a current (20) at the nanoparticles sufficient to disrupt function of the targeted cell type.

Abstract: In the treatment of a tumor with radiation therapy is enhanced by a weak magnetic field, the field strength time sequence of exposure and shape and contour of the magnetic field are varied to achieve desired results. In one separate aspect, exposure to a magnetic field is continued after exposure to a free radical-creating therapy is ceased or diminished, thereby increasing the lifetimes of free radicals which have already been created. In another preferred embodiment a magnetic field is strategically placed to avoid extending the lives of free radicals in tissue through which a free radical-creating beam must pass, to reach a tumor. This application discloses quantitative parameters for field strength and exposure time to create concentrations and reactivity of free radicals, including long-lived free radicals and discloses the use of shaped, contoured, and designed electromagnetic fields. A treatment planning station is also disclosed.

Abstract: In the treatment of a tumor (126) with radiation therapy (122) is enhanced by a weak magnetic field (130), the field strength time sequence of exposure and shape and contour of the magnetic field are varied to achieve desired results. In one separate aspect, exposure to a magnetic field (130) is continued after exposure to a free radical-creating therapy is ceased or diminished, thereby increasing the lifetimes of free radicals that have already been created. In another preferred embodiment a magnetic field (13) is strategically placed to avoid extending the lives of free radicals in tissue through which a free radical-creating beam must pass, to reach a tumor. This application discloses quantitative parameters for field strength and exposure time to create concentrations and reactivity of free radicals, including long-lived free radicals and discloses the use of shaped, contoured, and designed electromagnetic fields. A treatment planning station (200) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of generating electricity from light, that uses a photovoltaic array, that includes a junction between an inorganic electron-donating layer and an inorganic electron-accepting layer. The electron-donating layer includes moieties which after photon activation have unpaired electrons, and wherein some of the electrons are freed when light strikes the electron-donating layer, thereby transforming the moieties into free radicals or equivalents but many of the freed electrons recombine. Also, many of the free radicals or equivalents in the triplet state are optimally responsive to a selective magnetic field that has been determined to optimally increase the lifetime of the triplet state of the free radicals and thereby forestall recombination of the freed electrons into the free radicals. A magnetic field of substantially the optimal strength that is substantially unvarying over the electron donating layer is created as the array is being exposed to light.

Abstract: In the treatment of a tumor with radiation therapy is enhanced by a weak magnetic field, the field strength time sequence of exposure and shape and contour of the magnetic field are varied to achieve desired results. In one separate aspect, exposure to a magnetic field is continued after exposure to a free radical-creating therapy is ceased or diminished, thereby increasing the lifetimes of free radicals which have already been created. In another preferred embodiment a magnetic field is strategically placed to avoid extending the lives of free radicals in tissue through which a free radical-creating beam must pass, to reach a tumor. This application discloses quantitative parameters for field strength and exposure time to create concentrations and reactivity of free radicals, including long-lived free radicals and discloses the use of shaped, contoured, and designed electromagnetic fields. A treatment planning station is also disclosed.

Abstract: In the treatment of a tumor (126) with radiation therapy (122) is enhanced by a weak magnetic field (130), the field strength time sequence of exposure and shape and contour of the magnetic field are varied to achieve desired results. In one separate aspect, exposure to a magnetic field (130) is continued after exposure to a free radical-creating therapy is ceased or diminished, thereby increasing the lifetimes of free radicals that have already been created. In another preferred embodiment a magnetic field (13) is strategically placed to avoid extending the lives of free radicals in tissue through which a free radical-creating beam must pass, to reach a tumor. This application discloses quantitative parameters for field strength and exposure time to create concentrations and reactivity of free radicals, including long-lived free radicals and discloses the use of shaped, contoured, and designed electromagnetic fields. A treatment planning station (200) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of operating a pathology laboratory, which utilizes an ultrasound imaging device, adapted to automatically image tissue specimens, in the laboratory. Resected tissue specimens are received into the laboratory and the ultrasound imaging device is used to image some of the received tissue specimens, thereby creating 3-dimensional tissue specimen images of imaged tissue specimens. Locations on the imaged tissue specimens to take tissue sample, in order to make microscope slides, are determined in reliance on the tissue specimen images and the tissue samples are taken from the locations determined and the microscope slides are produced.

Abstract: The present invention discloses apparatuses, systems, and methods for controlling liquid impact pressure in liquid impact systems. The liquid impact systems include at least one gas and a liquid, the gas having a density (PG) and a polytropic index (?) and the liquid having a density (PL). The methods include the step of calculating a liquid impact load of the liquid on the object by determining a parameter ? for the system, wherein ? is defined as (PG/PL) (??1)/?. The systems are also configured to utilize the parameter ?. The parameter ? may be adjusted to increase or reduce the liquid impact load on the system. Automatic, computer-implemented systems and methods may be used or implemented. These methods and systems may be useful in applications such as LNG shipping and loading/off-loading, fuel tank operation, manufacturing processes, vehicles dynamics, and combustion processes, among others.

Abstract: A method and system for transporting fluid is described. The method includes coupling a transit vessel to a terminal vessel associated with at least one terminal. The transit vessel and the terminal vessel are coupled at an open sea or lightering location, which may be selected based upon operational conditions. Then, cryogenic fluid is transferred between the transit vessel and the terminal vessel, while the transit vessel and terminal vessel are moving in substantially the same direction. Once the transfer is complete, the terminal vessel decouples from the transit vessel and moves a terminal to provide the cryogenic fluid to the terminal. The cryogenic fluid may include liquefied natural gas (LNG) and/or liquefied carbon dioxide (CO2).

Abstract: Methods for detecting a liquid under a surface and characterizing Ice are provided The liquid may be a liquid hydrocarbon such as crude oil or fuel oil or mineral oil The surface may be ice, snow, or water, and the method may be practiced in an arctic region to detect oil spills, leaks, or seepages The methods may be used with a range finder to characterize marine ice The methods may include a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool with antenna to send a radio-frequency (RF) excitation pulse or signal into volume of substances being detected, detect an NMR response signal to determine the presence of the liquid of interest The NMR response may include a relaxation time element and an intensity level and may include a free induction signal (T2*), a spin echo signal (T2), a train of spin echo signals (T2), or a thermal equilibrium signal (T 1).

Abstract: A method of operating a pathology laboratory, which utilizes an ultrasound imaging device, adapted to automatically image tissue specimens, in the laboratory. Resected tissue specimens are received into the laboratory and the ultrasound imaging device is used to image some of the received tissue specimens, thereby creating 3-dimensional tissue specimen images of imaged tissue specimens. Locations on the imaged tissue specimens to take tissue sample, in order to make microscope slides, are determined in reliance on the tissue specimen images and the tissue samples are taken from the locations determined and the microscope slides are produced.