Abstract: Various embodiments include a redox flow battery comprising: a cell divided into half-cells by a membrane; an electrolyte able to flow through the interior of the respective half-cell; an electrode; and a guide structure for guiding the electrolyte integrated into and defined by the associated electrode. Each half-cell comprises a current collector and an electrode element arranged in an interior of the respective half-cell.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an electrically rechargeable redox flow battery comprising a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a membrane, with the first chamber comprising a cathode and the second chamber comprising an anode. The method comprises: introducting a first electrolyte as catholyte into the first chamber; and introducing a second electrolyte as anolyte into the second chamber. At least one of the first electrolyte or the second electrolyte comprises a reduction-oxidation pair. The oxidation number of the reduction-oxidation pair is changed by addition of a first component.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an electrically rechargeable redox flow battery comprising: using a redox flow battery having a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a membrane, wherein the first chamber comprises a cathode and the second chamber comprises an anode; conducting a first electrolyte as catholyte into the first chamber and conducting a second electrolyte as anolyte into the second chamber; and charging or discharging the redox flow battery. The first electrolyte comprises a first reduction-oxidation pair and the second electrolyte comprises a second reduction-oxidation pair. At least one of the first electrolyte and the second electrolyte comprises a pH-stabilizing buffer for chemically stabilizing the reduction-oxidation pair.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an electrically rechargeable redox flow battery comprising: a first chamber; a second chamber; a membrane separating the first chamber from the second chamber; a cathode in the first chamber; and an anode in the second chamber. At least one of the cathode and the anode comprises a first planar surface including elevations enlarging the surface area. The elevations form flow channels for an electrolyte. The at least one of the cathode and the anode further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: lead, bismuth, zinc, titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an electrically rechargeable redox flow battery comprising: using a redox flow battery having a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a membrane, wherein the first chamber comprises a cathode and the second chamber comprises an anode; conducting a first electrolyte as catholyte into the first chamber and conducting a second electrolyte as anolyte into the second chamber; and charging or discharging the redox flow battery. The first electrolyte comprises a first reduction-oxidation pair and the second electrolyte comprises a second reduction-oxidation pair. At least one of the first electrolyte and the second electrolyte comprises a pH-stabilizing buffer for chemically stabilizing the reduction-oxidation pair.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a redox flow battery comprising: a cell divided into half-cells by a membrane; an electrolyte able to flow through the interior of the respective half-cell; an electrode; and a guide structure for guiding the electrolyte integrated into and defined by the associated electrode. Each half-cell comprises a current collector and an electrode element arranged in an interior of the respective half-cell.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an electrically rechargeable redox flow battery comprising: a first chamber; a second chamber; a membrane separating the first chamber from the second chamber; a cathode in the first chamber; and an anode in the second chamber. At least one of the cathode and the anode comprises a first planar surface including elevations enlarging the surface area. The elevations form flow channels for an electrolyte. The at least one of the cathode and the anode further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: lead, bismuth, zinc, titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an electrically rechargeable redox flow battery comprising a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a membrane, with the first chamber comprising a cathode and the second chamber comprising an anode. The method comprises: introducting a first electrolyte as catholyte into the first chamber; and introducing a second electrolyte as anolyte into the second chamber. At least one of the first electrolyte or the second electrolyte comprises a reduction-oxidation pair. The oxidation number of the reduction-oxidation pair is changed by addition of a first component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an item of footwear comprising a sole with an upper surface having a concave rear portion and a forward portion that is flat in the lateral direction. An item of footwear comprises: a securing means for securing the item of footwear to a foot of a wearer; and a sole having an upper surface that in use contacts the foot of a user, wherein: the upper surface has a first portion (7) and a second portion (6), the first portion (7) located forwardly of the second portion (6); the upper surface is substantially flat in the lateral direction in the first portion (7); and the upper surface is concave in the lateral direction in the second portion (6).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an item of footwear comprising a sole with an upper surface having a concave rear portion and a forward portion that is flat in the lateral direction. An item of footwear comprises: a securing means for securing the item of footwear to a foot of a wearer; and a sole having an upper surface that in use contacts the foot of a user, wherein: the upper surface has a first portion (7) and a second portion (6), the first portion (7) located forwardly of the second portion (6); the upper surface is substantially flat in the lateral direction in the first portion (7); and the upper surface is concave in the lateral direction in the second portion (6).

Abstract: A specified geometry of a dispersion nozzle is adapted for a required size distribution of a phase dispersed in a dispersing phase by calculating a shear stress rate S and a relative velocity v0 between phases; determining at least one local maximum stable radius for the dispersed phase using values obtained from Rb=(2?/Cs?LSv0)1/2, where ? indicates surface tension of the dispersed phase, Cs indicates the coefficient of friction of the dispersed phase in the dispersing phase, and ?L indicates density of the dispersing phase; determining the distribution of the local maximum stable radius over a cross-sectional area of the dispersion nozzle; and, if a specified maximum stable radius is exceeded in at least one region of the cross-sectional area, changing the geometry of the dispersion nozzle such that a higher shear stress rate S and/or a higher relative velocity v0 of the phases is achieved at least in some regions.

Abstract: A planar high temperature fuel cell, a use and a method of manufacture are discloses. The planar high-temperature fuel cell with includes a layer structure. The layer structure includes a cathode layer, an anode layer and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode layer and the anode layer. Each of the layers are planar. A porous metal structure is used as the support for the layer structure and is also planar.

Abstract: A sparging device for a flotation cell may include a central gas tube with a central gas orifice which is adjoined by at least two connecting tubes each having a connecting gas orifice, the connecting tubes being aligned at a right angle ss to a longitudinal axis LZ of the central gas tube, the central gas orifice being connected to the connecting gas orifices, and each connecting tube being connected to at least one gas injection unit at its end remote from the central gas tube. A flotation cell with such a sparging device and a flotation method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dispersion nozzle for dispersing a liquid with a gas, has a gas feed nozzle and a tubular mixing arrangement which has an inlet zone for the gas and the liquid and an outlet zone for a gas/liquid mixture. The mixing arrangement adjoins the gas feed nozzle. The gas feed nozzle is tapered in the direction of the mixing arrangement and opens into the inlet zone. The mixing arrangement has at least one liquid intake opening in the inlet zone. In the inlet zone a ratio of a diameter DG of a gas outlet opening of the gas feed nozzle and an internal diameter DM of the mixing arrangement is in the range from 1:3 to 1:5. A gas regulating valve meters a quantity of the gas being supplied with the gas feed nozzle. The dispersion nozzle may be used in a flotation machine.

Abstract: A two- or three-phase mixture is sprayed using at least one nozzle which has associated therewith at least one structure-borne sound sensor for detecting a sound power level signal in the region of the nozzle and also at least one gas and/or liquid meter for detecting a volumetric flow of gas and/or liquid directed through the nozzle.

Abstract: A method obtains metal-containing valuable substances from a suspension that contains metal-containing valuable substances. A corresponding suspension which is pressurized after passing through at least one pump device and which is mixed with a gas is fed to at least one jet device of at least one flotation cell via at least one feed line. The metal-containing valuable substances are separated in the at least one flotation cell. The suspension that contains the metal-containing valuable substances is charged with gas at least partially after passing through the pump device before entering the jet device.

Abstract: A housing of a flotation device has a flotation chamber with at least one inlet for a suspension. The flotation device has at least one foam collecting unit, arranged on an upper face of the housing, for receiving and discharging a foam product, and at least one fluid distribution element, provided above the at least one inlet in the flotation chamber, for generating a flow directed toward the at least one foam collecting unit. The vertical position of the at least one fluid distribution element is variable above the at least one inlet in the flotation chamber.

Abstract: A flotation device for separating off a valuable mineral from a suspension, has a housing having a flotation chamber, a foam collector for removing a foam product formed in an upper region of the flotation chamber, a feed arrangement for feeding gas and/or suspension into the flotation chamber, an adjustable orifice via which the flotation chamber is horizontally divided into an upper part and a lower part and an open internal diameter of the flotation chamber is locally avoidable. The orifice is arranged completely in a suspension region of the flotation chamber. A measuring arrangement determines a variable in the operation of the flotation device. A control appliance connected to the arrangement automatically adjusts the orifice in dependence on the at least one state variable.

Abstract: A sparging device for a flotation cell may include a central gas tube with a central gas orifice which is adjoined by at least two connecting tubes each having a connecting gas orifice, the connecting tubes being aligned at a right angle ss to a longitudinal axis LZ of the central gas tube, the central gas orifice being connected to the connecting gas orifices, and each connecting tube being connected to at least one gas injection unit at its end remote from the central gas tube. A flotation cell with such a sparging device and a flotation method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A high-temperature fuel cell system includes individual SOFC fuel cells which are in contact with each other for electrically connecting the same in parallel or in series. In at least one embodiment, contacting elements that are suitable for the fuel cell system with a certain flexibility in addition to the required electrical conductivity for continuous operation. The contacting elements between two fuel cells are formed by a metal wire mesh that is advantageously made of nickel. Such nickel wires can be mechanically transformed into a continuous mesh, especially a tube, from which sections having a suitable length can be cut and be provided with the proper shape.