Abstract: Systems and methods for batch processing air taken from a populated environment to destroy pathogens contained therein. A multi-chamber treatment system can be coupled between one or more air return vents of the populated environment and one or more supply vents providing air into the populated environment. A filling chamber can be coupled to the air return vent(s) of the populated environment adapted to receive potentially contaminated air therefrom. An expressing chamber can include components for treating the potentially contaminated air to destroy pathogens. A relaxing chamber can allow treated air previously treated in the treatment compartment to stabilize. An exhausting chamber can be coupled to an air conditioning system serving the populated environment or the supply vent(s) providing air back into the populated environment. Treatment can be facilitated by ozone, UVC, and other means.

Abstract: Systems and methods for batch processing air taken from a populated environment to destroy pathogens contained therein. A multi-chamber treatment system can be coupled between one or more air return vents of the populated environment and one or more supply vents providing air into the populated environment. A filling chamber can be coupled to the air return vent(s) of the populated environment adapted to receive potentially contaminated air therefrom. An expressing chamber can include components for treating the potentially contaminated air to destroy pathogens. A relaxing chamber can allow treated air previously treated in the treatment compartment to stabilize. An exhausting chamber can be coupled to an air conditioning system serving the populated environment or the supply vent(s) providing air back into the populated environment. Treatment can be facilitated by ozone, UVC, and other means.

Abstract: Level of substance in a container can be determined by exciting vapor in unfilled space within the container. Variable frequency oscillator and emitting transducer can provide signals to excite resonance of vapor. Sensors can measure the peak resonant signal of vapor excited in unfilled space within the container as the amount of substance in the container changes. A signal-processing unit coupled to the sensor and variable frequency oscillator can process signals sensed by the sensing transducer and can extract them from background noise affecting the acoustic signal of the system using correlation functions by referencing the signal generated by the variable frequency oscillator. A computer can obtain the sign processed by the signal-processing unit and calculate the unfilled space within the container and derive therefrom an amount of filled space representing the amount of the substance contained therein. A gauge can indicate the amount of substance in the container.

Abstract: Level of substance in a container can be determined by exciting vapor in unfilled space within the container. Variable frequency oscillator and emitting transducer can provide signals to excite resonance of vapor. Sensors can measure the peak resonant signal of vapor excited in unfilled space within the container as the amount of substance in the container changes. A signal-processing unit coupled to the sensor and variable frequency oscillator can process signals sensed by the sensing transducer and can extract them from background noise affecting the acoustic signal of the system using correlation functions by referencing the signal generated by the variable frequency oscillator. A computer can obtain the sign processed by the signal-processing unit and calculate the unfilled space within the container and derive therefrom an amount of filled space representing the amount of the substance contained therein. A gauge can indicate the amount of substance in the container.

Abstract: Level of substance in a container can be determined by exciting vapor in unfilled space within the container. Variable frequency oscillator and emitting transducer can provide signals to excite resonance of vapor. Sensors can measure the peak resonant signal of vapor excited in unfilled space within the container as the amount of substance in the container changes. A signal-processing unit coupled to the sensor and variable frequency oscillator can process signals sensed by the sensing transducer and can extract them from background noise affecting the acoustic signal of the system using correlation functions by referencing the signal generated by the variable frequency oscillator. A computer can obtain the sign processed by the signal-processing unit and calculate the unfilled space within the container and derive there from an amount of filled space representing the amount of the substance contained therein. A gauge can indicate the amount of substance in the container.

Abstract: Level of a substance in a container can be determined by exciting vapor in unfilled space within the container. Variable frequency oscillator and emitting transducer can provide signals to excite resonance of vapor. A sensor can measure the peak resonant signal of vapor excited in unfilled space within the container as the amount of substance in the container changes. A signal-processing unit coupled to the sensor and variable frequency oscillator can process signals sensed by the sensing transducer and can extract them from background noise affecting the acoustic signal of the system using correlation functions by referencing the signal generated by the variable frequency oscillator. A computer can obtain the signal processed by the signal-processing unit and calculate unfilled space within the container and derive therefrom an amount of filled space representing the amount of the substance contained therein. A gauge can indicate the amount of substance in the container.

Abstract: Level of substance in a container can be determined by exciting vapor in unfilled space within the container. Variable frequency oscillator and emitting transducer can provide signals to excite resonance of vapor. Sensors can measure the peak resonant signal of vapor excited in unfilled space within the container as the amount of substance in the container changes. A signal-processing unit coupled to the sensor and variable frequency oscillator can process signals sensed by the sensing transducer and can extract them from background noise affecting the acoustic signal of the system using correlation functions by referencing the signal generated by the variable frequency oscillator. A computer can obtain the sign processed by the signal-processing unit and calculate the unfilled space within the container and derive there from an amount of filled space representing the amount of the substance contained therein. A gauge can indicate the amount of substance in the container.

Abstract: Level of a substance in a container can be determined by exciting vapor in unfilled space within the container. Variable frequency oscillator and emitting transducer can provide signals to excite resonance of vapor. A sensor can measure the peak resonant signal of vapor excited in unfilled space within the container as the amount of substance in the container changes. A signal-processing unit coupled to the sensor and variable frequency oscillator can process signals sensed by the sensing transducer and can extract them from background noise affecting the acoustic signal of the system using correlation functions by referencing the signal generated by the variable frequency oscillator. A computer can obtain the signal processed by the signal-processing unit and calculate unfilled space within the container and derive therefrom an amount of filled space representing the amount of the substance contained therein. A gauge can indicate the amount of substance in the container.

Abstract: A through the needle catheter device is described which includes apparatus for threading a catheter into a blood vessel. The apparatus is irreversible during the threading process. The catheter device also includes means for irreversibly withdrawing and splitting the needle. A technique is provided for inserting the needle, threading the catheter, and withdrawing the needle from a patient.

Abstract: A through the needle catheter device is described in which a catheter is located inside a splittable needle for insertion into the body. Means are provided for preventing rearward motion of the catheter relative to the needle as the needle and catheter are inserted into the body. As the needle is withdrawn from the body, a splitting mechanism splits the needle, releasing the enclosed catheter. Means are provided for preventing forward motion of the needle relative to the catheter as the needle is withdrawn, thereby preventing inadvertent perforation of the catheter during withdrawal. After the needle has been withdrawn and split, the catheter assembly, including a catheter cannula, a section of extension tubing and a luer, fall away from the patient-facing side of the device. In a preferred embodiment a taping wing is provided at the proximal end of the catheter cannula.

Abstract: A through the needle catheter device is described which includes apparatus for threading a catheter into a blood vessel. The apparatus is irreversible during the threading process. The catheter device also includes means for irreversibly withdrawing and splitting the needle. A technique is provided for inserting the needle, threading the catheter, and withdrawing the needle from a patient.

Abstract: An improved catheter assembly is provided wherein a cannula depends from a catheter body having a first passageway therethrough communicating with the cannula through which an introducer needle may be introduced and removed. The assembly is provided with a second passageway communicating with the cannula through which a fluid may be introduced. A moveable means is provided disposed across the first passageway and moveable from a first position to a second position. The moveable means is provided with a duct passing therethrough, the duct being coaxial with the first passageway when the moveable means are in a first position to allow the introduction of removal of the introducer needle. Thereafter, the moveable means are adapted to be moved into a second position in which the access of the duct is displaced to be non-coaxial with the first passageway, and hence out of communication therewith and with the moveable means in the catheter body cooperating to seal the duct from the first and second passageways.