Abstract: Illuminating light of selected wavelengths in the visible or infrared range is projected through the pupil of the eye onto the fundus, and the light reflected back and out through the pupil is detected and analyzed, preferably using the area of the optic disk for analyzing the retinal vessels overlying the optic disk. Specific wavelengths of illuminating light may be chosen for each blood component to be analyzed depending on the spectral characteristics of the substance being analyzed. The reflected image from the retina may be used to measure non-photoreactive blood components such as hemoglobin, and photoreactive components such as bilirubin. For the measurement of photoreactive components, images may be taken before and after, or during, illumination of the eye with light at wavelengths which will affect the photoreactive analyte, enabling measurements of the concentration of the analyte.

Abstract: Illuminating light of selected wavelengths in the visible or infrared range is projected through the pupil of the eye onto the fundus, and the light reflected back and out through the pupil is detected and analyzed, preferably using the area of the optic disk for analyzing the retinal vessels overlying the optic disk. Specific wavelengths of illuminating light may be chosen for each blood component to be analyzed depending on the spectral characteristics of the substance being analyzed. The reflected image from the retina may be used to measure non-photoreactive blood components such as hemoglobin, and photoreactive components such as bilirubin. For the measurement of photoreactive components, images may be taken before and after, or during, illumination of the eye with light at wavelengths which will affect the photoreactive analyte, enabling measurements of the concentration of the analyte.

Abstract: In apparatus which uses a plurality of stepper motors for the actuation of various moving members therein, e.g., impact printer apparatus, an expedient is provided wherein at least one pair of stepper motors which operate during mutually exclusive periods share common driver means which are switchable to be connected to the active stepper motor and disconnected from the dormant one. When thus connected to the active stepper motor, the driver means operate in the conventional manner to couple the windings of the active stepper motor to the particular current supply associated with that active motor in a predetermined sequence so that each winding of the active motor is energized during portions of the sequence and deenergized during other portions. The apparatus further includes switching means for selectively connecting and disconnecting the drive means to the first and second stepper motors in accordance with the requirements of the apparatus driven by said stepper motors.

Abstract: In an impact printer including a print wheel having a plurality of selectable character type bearing elements for respectively printing a plurality of characters, said print wheel being rotatable for selectively positioning selected type elements in successive print positions, impact means impellable against the selected elements to drive said elements against the printing medium and means for impelling the impact means against said selected type element, the present invention provides the improvement comprising means for sensing the flight time of the impelled impact means until impact by sensing variations in velocity of said impact means and means responsive to said sensed flight time for controlling the impelling means to vary the flight time.