Abstract: Methods for operating an actuator including providing a position sensor and using the position sensor to provide end-stop functionality for the actuator. The actuator may have a motor controlled by control circuitry, with the control circuitry reading a variable from a position sensor to determine when the motor should be deactivated due to an associated actuated part reaching a motion limit. Also, actuators including a position sensor, a motor, and control circuitry. The control circuitry may take an output from the position sensor and use the position sensor output to determine when to shut off the electric motor due to its encountering a motion limit, providing end stop functionality with reduced complexity and wear. Further embodiments include HVAC dampers and valves for use in controlling gas, steam, water, or other liquid or fluid flow.