Abstract: A solid composite fuel for the mitigation of emissions from a coal-fired power plant includes a solid monothilic fuel material formed from the pyrolysis of a coal material and at least one solid renewable fuel material.

Abstract: A solid composite fuel for the mitigation of emissions from a coal-fired power plant includes a solid monothilic fuel material formed from the pyrolysis of a coal material and at least one solid renewable fuel material.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of assembling a panel heater for use in a corrosive environment includes a planar heating element, a planar non-conductive carrier for supporting a conductive ground plane thereon, a planar heat sink supporting the heating element, and a fluoropolymer envelope enclosing the heating element, the carrier, the ground plane and the heat sink to protect same from corrosive environments. The heat sink and carrier have a coefficient of expansion which is substantially equal to minimize the effects of unequal expansion and contraction of the heater.

Abstract: An in-line diesel fuel heater including a hollow elongated housing in heat conduction relationship with an electric resistance heater heats diesel fuel flowing through the housing to a temperature above the cloud point of the fuel. The hollow housing contains fins or fibers to create fluid turbulence to increase heat exchange between the fluid and the housing. An analog control circuit uses a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor to regulate the temperature of the housing at a constant temperature instead of controlling the power based on a measurement of the diesel fuel's temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sealing the end of a conductive polymeric strip heater, especially one for immersion use, greatly reduces the possibility of failure due to fluid ingress.

Abstract: A method of attaching power leads to a mesh or similar electrode embedded in the surface of a conductive polymer element. A conductor, preferably also mesh, is bonded to the electrode using a conductive adhesive and a polymer layer is applied over the surface of at least the conductor, preferably also over the electrode. The polymer of the coating interpenetrates the openings of the mesh conductor and mesh electrode and bonds to the conductive polymer matrix. This mechanically holds the conductor, electrode, and conductive element in contact with each other.