Abstract: A garment hanger having a hanger body and a hook member is constructed with a hook receiving element for suspending from the body of the garment hanger a second garment hanger. The hook receiving element is disposed in vertical alignment with the hook member and includes a frame member and base member, the frame member is provided with openings to define first and second intersecting passageways for selectively receiving the hanging means of the second garment hanger. In this manner the second garment hanger may be suspended in a plane parallel to the plane of the hanger body or perpendicular thereto.

Abstract: An electro-optic device, such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a directional coupler, has a power dissipating electrode structure and a ground plane electrode, and is switchable between first and second distinct states by the application of respective first and second potentials to the power dissipating electrode. Thermally induced instabilities are minimized by biasing the ground plane electrode such that the first and second potentials are of substantially equal magnitude but of opposite sign. The power dissipating electrode may be a travelling-wave electrode connected to a 50 ohm transmission line.

Abstract: A method of minimizing voltage induced drift in electro-optic devices, the optical state of which is controllable by the application of an electrical potential between first and second electrodes of the device, the method comprising controlling the electrical potentials applied to the first and second electrodes such that in use the average potential difference between the first and second electrodes is substantially zero.

Abstract: In electro-optic waveguide devices such as directional couplers and Mach-Zehnder interferometers having travelling-wave electrodes which overlie the waveguides, temperature sensitivity is reduced by arranging the ground plane electrode to overlie only part of the width of its associated waveguide portion. The invention has particular application to z-cut lithium niobate.