Abstract: The lower end of a hollow thermocouple well is removed and replaced by an end cap of a different thermocouple material than the well so that the junction between the end cap and the end portion of the well defines a radially activated thermocouple junction. A wire of the same material as the end cap is affixed to the end cap and electrical connections are made to the wire and to the well to provide a thermocouple output signal indicative of temperature measurement. In another embodiment two end caps are utilized at the end of the thermocouple well with the two end caps being of two dissimilar thermocouple elements and which have the necessary electrical connections made thereof to provide a thermocouple output signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing continuous phase proportion indications for a single component fluid having multiple coexisting phases. The apparatus assures homogeneity of the multiple phases by subjecting the fluid to an ultrasonic or sonic wave generator which uniformly disperses the phases among each other. The homogeneous phase mixture is exposed to a second sonic or ultrasonic wave generator with the speed of the wave originating therefrom being timed during its traversal across the mixture. Such timing enables determination of the acoustic velocity which, in addition to the wave's frequency and mixture's pressure, temperature and drop size can be correlated with the proportions of the phases in the mixture.

Abstract: A flow rate metering device having an inlet plenum chamber which accepts fluid flow of any velocity distribution and disperses that fluid to a homogeneous, essentially zero velocity fluid body from which a flow nozzle draws such zero velocity fluid and accelerates it therethrough to obtain a pressure drop. By measuring the pressure at selected locations upstream and downstream from the nozzle inlet, fluid flow rate through the nozzle can be metered by reference to conventional pressure differential correlations. The upstream pressure tap is preferably in the plenum chamber near the point where fluid velocity is near zero and the downstream pressure tap is preferably disposed in either of two locations: the downstream face of the flow nozzle or through the wall of a conduit into which the differential pressure nozzle discharges. Disposed within the plenum chamber is a flow deceleration device which augments the plenum chamber's inherent capability of reducing entering fluid flow velocity to substantially zero.