Abstract: A molybdenum-free lubricating oil composition exhibiting improved fuel economy and fuel economy retention properties, which comprises: (a) a major amount of base stock selected from the group consisting of one or more Group IV or Group V oils and mixtures thereof, and mixtures containing one or more Group III oils and at least one Group IV and/or Group V oils, the base stock having a NOACK volatility of 12% or less; and; (b) at least one calcium detergent; and (c) 0.2 to 2.0 wt. % of an organic friction modifier, wherein the composition has a NOACK volatility of about 12 wt. % or less and contains from about 0.058 to 0.58 wt. % calcium from the calcium detergent.

Abstract: A low-phosphorus lubricant comprises:

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines comprises:(A) a major amount of a basestock of lubricating viscosity containing from greater than 35 to less than 70 mass % of one or more PAO's, the balance preferably being one or more Group I basestocks as defined in API 1509; and(B) two or more additive components such as an ashless dispersant and a metal detergent.

Abstract: Synthetic lubricating oils for use in lubricating internal combustion engines, having good compatibility with elastomeric seals and good stability, but without making use of organic acid ester basestocks, comprise a synthetic basestock such as polyalphaolefin oligomers, an additive package comprising a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride in which the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of from 700 to 5000 and a viscosity modifier.

Abstract: Multigrade crankcase lubricants having low concentrations of chlorine and sulphated ash use multifunctional viscosity modifiers in place of conventional chlorine-containing dispersants. The lubricant contains at least 1.5 weight percent of a chlorine-containing dispersant that is a reaction product of a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and an organic amine, a multifunctional viscosity modifier and a detergent system that comprises a metal sulfonateand one or more metal salts of a phenolic organic acid selected from the group consisting of alkyl phenols, sulfurized alkyl phenols, and alkyl salicylic acids in an amount that provides at least 0.0025 gram equivalents of phenolic hydroxide. At least one of the metal salts is overbased and the detergent system includes not more than 0.008 gram equivalent % carbonate. The gram equivalent ratio of the total amount of phenolic hydroxide to the metal sulfonate is at least 1.

Abstract: Multigrade lubricating oils for use in lubricating internal combustion engines, using basestocks with low levels (<75 mass %) of saturated hydrocarbons, comprise less than 3 mass % of ashless dispersant derived from a polymer of number average molecular weight (Mn) of not greater than 5000, and a viscosity modifier package to give the desired viscometrics comprising at least one multifunctional viscosity modifier. These oils meet stringent engine performance requirements and specifically give adequate varnish inhibition without very high treat levels of dispersants and/or use of specific detergent systems so avoiding problems of oxidation stability, compatibility and engine performance debits.

Abstract: Lubricating compositions particularly for crankcase lubrication of gasoline and diesel engines in automobiles and trucks have improved viscometric properties by the incorporation of an ashless dispersant and a dispersant viscosity improver with increased boron content of at least 0.02 wt. % of the composition, preferably in the form of an ashless dispersant borated to a higher level.

Abstract: Dispersants and basic magnesium detergents tend to interact when mixed in additive concentrates and in bulk lubricants resulting in an undesirable increase in viscosity. It has been found that this problem may be significantly reduced if the dispersant is prereacted with a basic salt containing an alkali metal such as sodium, preferably in an amount corresponding to at least 0.001 gram atoms alkali metal per 100 grams dispersant. The reaction product may be used in concentrates containing basic magnesium detergents for use in lubricants.

Abstract: Lifting apparatus in combination with at least one substantially upright wall having an opening therein for providing access through the wall. The preferred combination comprises a vehicle, such as, a van (1), having a rear or side door opening therein, the lifting apparatus including a generally planar, load support portion (12) which is movable between a storage position (A,C) interior of the vehicle (1) and an operative position (B) exterior of the vehicle. In the operative position (B), the load support portion (12) lies in a generally horizontal plane substantially normal to that of the vehicle opening, with the support portion (12) being movable between its storage position (A,C) and its operative position (B) via an intermediate, inoperative position exterior of the vehicle (1).

Abstract: Metal phenates especially overbased phenates are prepared by reacting a basic metallic compound with a mixture of an alkyl phenol and an alkyldihydroxybenzene. The products are useful as lubricant additives with improved antirust properties, and when overbased, with higher basicity and lower viscosity.

Abstract: There are disclosed two forms of load lifting and lowering unit for attachment to a vehicle. The units are of the kind in which a load platform is carried between two parallel spaced-apart articulated parallelogram linkages, movable in unison up and down guide members spaced across an access opening of the vehicle to raise and lower a load to and from the access opening. An inextensible tie member, pivotally connected between the platform and a swinging arm of the parallelogram linkage, causes the platform automatically to close off the access opening when the linkages are folded towards the vehicle. In one embodiment, the swinging arm cooperates with a fixed stop during upward movement of the linkages to effect such closure: in the other embodiment, a fluid operated ram swings the platform upwardly about its pivot to fold the linkages towards the vehicle and cause the platform to close off the access opening.