Abstract: Fluence non-uniformities across a surface portion of a target (organism or inanimate object) due to inherent non-uniformities in the irradiation beam and/or shadowed target surfaces, are known to limit the effectiveness of target kinetic processes responsive to wave energy irradiation (electromagnetic, EM, elastic, EL, and/or quantum particle, QP). A field of scattering particles (e.g., bubbles in water, aerosols such as dry fog, powders, etc.) is constructed spatially/temporally in the vicinity of the target and in the path of propagating wave energy to improve the fluence coverage and thereby enhance the overall effectiveness of the kinetic process. The scatterers can be added to an existing irradiation system (retrofit application) or added to the design of a new system (forward fit). Novel dosimeters and methods of dosimetry are also disclosed to more accurately characterize the fluence received over complex surfaces.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a first indicium configured for releasing light trapped by total internal reflection (TIR) at an exterior surface of a refractive object, thereby illuminating the first indicium. The illumination device also includes a second indicium configured to reflect light from a source external to the refractive object.

Abstract: A first substrate includes indicium and a first surface configured for optically contacting a surface of a transparent substrate. When the first surface is placed in optical contact with the transparent substrate within which light is trapped by total internal reflection (TIR), light is extracted from the transparent substrate and illuminates a first indicium portion of the first substrate. The first substrate also includes a second indicium portion that is substantially not illuminated resulting from optical isolation elements within the first substrate. Both first and second indicium portions can be detected from a single point external to the first substrate and the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A substrate carries indicia that is configured to be illuminated when attached to a transparent substrate. Light trapped by total internal reflection (TIR) between first and second opposing surfaces of the transparent substrate is released by one or more TIR-defeating features of the indicia carrying substrate. The indicia carrying substrate comprises a refractive medium bounded on opposing sides by a first surface and a second surface of the indicia carrying substrate.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a transparent substrate having opposite first and second surfaces, a light source positioned to face the second surface, an optic having a first end with coplanar exit and input surfaces and a second end with a non-planar reflective surface, and at least one coupling material to optically and physically couple the coplanar exit and input surfaces to the first surface, the optic and the at least one coupling material being made of a material having a refractive index greater than that of air.

Abstract: A system for controlling a set of light sources may include a set of light sources, at least one optical conduit arranged relative to the set of light sources so as to collect excess light from the set of light sources, and at least one sensor coupled to the optical conduit and configured to sense light collected by the optical conduit. The system may also include a controller configured to control the emittance of the set of light sources based on the light sensed by the sensor. A method for controlling a set of light sources may comprise individually varying power supplied to at least some of the light sources in an imperceptible manner, sensing light emitted by a light source for which the power has been varied, and controlling the emittance of the set of light sources based on the sensed light.

Abstract: Apparatus, for illuminating a feature on a transparent light transmitting substrate or window, including an optical arrangement secured to one of the surfaces of the substrate for directing light into the substrate at an incident angle selected for propagation of light via total internal reflection (TIR) along the substrate. The optical arrangement has a rotationally symmetrical optic for surrounding a light source, a planar output surface, and an input surface divided into at least one curved zone bounded by a surface discontinuity, and at least one coupling material, with a refractive index greater than air, to optically and physically couple the output surface to the substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for injecting light into a light transmitting substrate or window, including an optical arrangement secured to one of the surfaces of the substrate or window for directing light into the substrate or window at an incident angle selected for propagation of light via total internal reflection (TIR) along the substrate or window. The optical arrangement comprises: (1) refractive media transmissive to light from a light source, the refractive media being bounded on a first end by coplanar exit and input surfaces and at a second end by a non-planar reflective surface, and (2) at least one coupling material to optically and physically couple the exit and input surfaces to the substrate or window, the refractive media and the at least one coupling material having a refractive index greater than air.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating a feature on a transparent light transmitting substrate or window: the substrate is capable of trapping light within itself and propagating the light along the substrate with total internal reflection. A light source is connected by an optical arrangement positioned with respect to one of the surfaces of the substrate for directing light into the substrate at an incident angle selected for propagation of light along the substrate. An extraction feature at a location on the surface of the substrate is configured to illuminate internal reflection at the feature, so that the feature becomes illuminated. Arrangements for the shape, orientation and adjustment of the optic, for configurations of the feature, for coupling the optic and also for coupling the feature to the substrate and particularly its surface are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating a feature on a transparent light transmitting substrate or window: the substrate is capable of trapping light within itself and propagating the light along the substrate with total internal reflection. A light source is connected by an optical arrangement positioned with respect to one of the surfaces of the substrate for directing light into the substrate at an incident angle selected for propagation of light along the substrate. An extraction feature at a location on the surface of the substrate is configured to illuminate internal reflection at the feature, so that the feature becomes illuminated. Arrangements for the shape, orientation and adjustment of the optic, for configurations of the feature, for coupling the optic and also for coupling the feature to the substrate and particularly its surface are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating a feature on a transparent light transmitting substrate or window: the substrate is capable of trapping light within itself and propagating the light along the substrate with total internal reflection. A light source is connected by an optical arrangement positioned with respect to one of the surfaces of the substrate for directing light into the substrate at an incident angle selected for propagation of light along the substrate. An extraction feature at a location on the surface of the substrate is configured to illuminate internal reflection at the feature, so that the feature becomes illuminated. Arrangements for the shape, orientation and adjustment of the optic, for configurations of the feature, for coupling the optic and also for coupling the feature to the substrate and particularly its surface are disclosed.

Abstract: A nuclear hardened liquid crystal display (LCD) and a method for hardening a liquid crystal display is provided. The nuclear hardened LCD can include an LCD glass laminate stack. The LCD glass laminate stack can include a front transparent substrate, a back substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the front transparent substrate and the back substrate. The nuclear hardened LCD can further include a protective laminate stack positioned in front of the LCD glass laminate stack. The protective laminate stack can include a volume absorbing filter, that absorbs selective electromagnetic energy throughout a thickness of the volume absorbing filter.

Abstract: A system for controlling a set of light sources may include a set of light sources, at least one optical conduit arranged relative to the set of light sources so as to collect excess light from the set of light sources, and at least one sensor coupled to the optical conduit and configured to sense light collected by the optical conduit. The system may also include a controller configured to control the emittance of the set of light sources based on the light sensed by the sensor. A method for controlling a set of light sources may comprise individually varying power supplied to at least some of the light sources in an imperceptible manner, sensing light emitted by a light source for which the power has been varied, and controlling the emittance of the set of light sources based on the sensed light.

Abstract: A luminaire is provided with a one-sided diffuser, located a predefined distance below the light output ports, in order to efficiently distribute light through an upper smooth surface and a lower surface having light altering tracks where each wherein each light altering tracks distributes its received light over a range of angles within a predefined cutoff angle.

Abstract: Ultraviolet radiation is used to disinfect water or a fluid in a flow tube, where the flow tube acts as a fluid filled light guide for the ultraviolet radiation and the ultraviolet radiation propagates through the flow tube via total internal reflection.

Abstract: An illumination system comprising a light source that emits light of a first sense and a second sense. The illumination system also comprises a collimator that collimates light from the light source along an optical axis and within a maximum angle with respect to the optical axis. The illumination system further comprises a filter that reflects light of the first sense, the filter positioned at an angle other than normal to the optical axis and other than 45 degrees from the optical axis. Further, the illumination system also includes an optical system positioned along the optical axis to accept light that passes through the filter and transmits the portion of the light within the maximum angle.

Abstract: A radiation image that has been stored in an image plate (19), such as a photostimulable phosphor screen is read by stimulating an information-bearing target area (13) with stimulating light (1). The information bearing target area responds to this stimulation by emitting information-bearing light (2) and reflecting backscatter light (3). The combination (4) of information-bearing light and backscatter light is collimated, allowing efficient rejection of backscatter light. The information-bearing light is subsequently focused onto an information receiving target (17), such as a charge-coupled device (CCD).

Abstract: A luminaire including a lamp, reflector, collimator and optional waveguide. The waveguide can be solid or hollow or include several serially-arranged total internal reflection (TIR) components for redirecting light that has entered the waveguide. In one embodiment, the TIR components are prisms, but are provided without metallized coatings thereby significantly reducing manufacturing costs. In another embodiment, components are arranged in a vertical orientation such that light is directed downward through a collimator or upward, either directly from the lamp or as a result of reflection from the reflector.

Abstract: A luminaire for distributing light rays from a light source may include first and second reflector sections. The first reflector portion may be configured to direct light rays in a first direction substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the luminaire. The second reflector portion is disposed along the longitudinal axis configured to direct light rays in a second direction. The second direction may have a directional component substantially normal to the longitudinal axis and the first direction.

Abstract: A luminaire for distributing light rays from a light source may include a first reflector section and a second reflector section disposed along the longitudinal axis. The first reflector portion may be configured to direct light rays in a first direction substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the luminaire, and the second reflector portion may be configured to direct light rays in a second direction. The second direction is substantially opposite to the first direction. The second reflector portion may include a reflector member in a path of a portion of the light rays being directed in the second direction. The reflector member may be configured to alter the path of the portion of light rays being directed in the second direction.