Abstract: The present invention applies model-based processing to a sensor output from a sensor such as a sonar, radar, or laser range finder. In particular, embodiments of the invention use a priori knowledge of a model signal return expected from a particular object to identify the location of the object relative to the sensor (and/or vice versa). In some embodiments the object is augmented with reflectors that return the sensor signal back towards the sensor so that the object can be more easily detected by the sensor. In preferred embodiments the reflectors are arranged in an a priori known pattern on the object, to help identify both the location and the orientation of the object with respect to the sensor. In the preferred embodiment, the sensor is a sonar, mounted on an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV).

Abstract: The present invention applies model-based processing to a sensor output from a sensor such as a sonar, radar, or laser range finder. In particular, embodiments of the invention use a priori knowledge of a model signal return expected from a particular object to identify the location of the object relative to the sensor (and/or vice versa). In some embodiments the object is augmented with reflectors that return the sensor signal back towards the sensor so that the object can be more easily detected by the sensor. In preferred embodiments the reflectors are arranged in an a priori known pattern on the object, to help identify both the location and the orientation of the object with respect to the sensor. In the preferred embodiment, the sensor is a sonar, mounted on an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV).

Abstract: A power generating apparatus (10) comprising a first arrangement (14) comprising a first buoyancy vessel configured to float at a surface of a body of water, the first arrangement comprising at least one energy conversion apparatus operable to be driven by the environment. The power generating apparatus (10) also comprises a second arrangement (16) permanently moored to the bed of the body of water, the second arrangement comprising: a second buoyancy vessel configured to be neutrally buoyant at a location in the body of water spaced apart from the bed of the body of water; and an electrical cable (18). The first and second arrangements (14, 16) are configured for releasable attachment to each other and such that electricity is conveyed through the electrical cable (18) in dependence upon operation of the energy conversion apparatus when the first and second arrangements are attached to each other.

Abstract: Method affecting the interior of human flesh, providing modulated power signal to at least one solenoid to create a modulated solenoid action delivered through a mechanical interface to the human flesh to create a modulated audio effect into the interior. Providing the modulated power signal may include receiving an audio signal to create the modulated power signal, which may include fetching a down-converted audio signal and the audio signal from a memory device and/or frequency-down-converting the audio signal to create the down-converted audio signal. Receiving the audio signal may further include solenoid amplifying the down-converted signal to create the modulated power signal. The modulated audio effect into the interior of the human flesh, the modulated power signal and the down-converted audio signal are products of this method. Apparatus implementing the solenoid amplifying, receiving the audio signal, frequency-down-converting the audio signal in a variety of configurations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus receiving number and using instruction to create resulting number approximating one of square root, reciprocal, or reciprocal square root of number. The resulting number as a product of that process. Using resulting number in a graphics accelerator. Apparatus preferably includes log-calculator, log-arithmetic-unit, and exponential-calculator. At least one of log-calculator and exponential-calculator include implementation non-linear calculator. The non-linear calculators may use at least one of mid-band-filter, outlier-removal-circuit. The invention includes making arithmetic circuit, log-calculator, log-arithmetic-unit and exponential-calculator. The arithmetic circuit, log-calculator, log-arithmetic-unit and exponential-calculator as products of manufacture. The arithmetic circuit may further include at least one of a floating-point-to-log-converter and/or a second of log-calculators.

Abstract: Method affecting the interior of human flesh, providing modulated power signal to at least one solenoid to create a modulated solenoid action delivered through a mechanical interface to the human flesh to create a modulated audio effect into the interior. Providing the modulated power signal may include receiving an audio signal to create the modulated power signal, which may include fetching a down-converted audio signal and the audio signal from a memory device and/or frequency-down-converting the audio signal to create the down-converted audio signal. Receiving the audio signal may further include solenoid amplifying the down-converted signal to create the modulated power signal. The modulated audio effect into the interior of the human flesh, the modulated power signal and the down-converted audio signal are products of this method. Apparatus implementing the solenoid amplifying, receiving the audio signal, frequency-down-converting the audio signal in a variety of configurations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus receiving number and using instruction to create resulting number approximating one of square root, reciprocal, or reciprocal square root of number. The resulting number as a product of that process. Using resulting number in a graphics accelerator. Apparatus preferably includes log-calculator, log-arithmetic-unit, and exponential-calculator. At least one of log-calculator and exponential-calculator include implementation non-linear calculator. The non-linear calculators may use at least one of mid-band-filter, outlier-removal-circuit. The invention includes making arithmetic circuit, log-calculator, log-arithmetic-unit and exponential-calculator. The arithmetic circuit, log-calculator, log-arithmetic-unit and exponential-calculator as products of manufacture. The arithmetic circuit may further include at least one of a floating-point-to-log-converter and/or a second of log-calculators.

Abstract: Drift in the reverse breakdown voltage of a surface zener diode is substantially reduced by forming a layer of material that includes titanium before or after the metallization steps that are used to form the first layer of metal (the metal-1 layer) or the second layer of metal (the metal-2 layer).

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of presenting images contained in a virtu container, the system comprising: a display for displaying at least one virtual container; a processor for driving the display to display images contained in the at least one virtual container displayed on the display; and a user interface for controlling the processor to drive the display; wherein the images are displayed sequentially in a display cycle.

Abstract: A wheel hub assembly that has a hub retained within a rotatable inner race of a bearing. The bearing is non-rotatably mounted by a portion of it's outer race within the bore of a bearing housing. This bearing housing has threaded holes on a diameter within its' face to accept bolts by attachment to an axle housing end support. Non-rotatably mounted within the bearing housing is a lip seal to prevent contaminants from entering the bearing. On the face of the hub is a groove on a diameter for accepting an o-ring sealing member to furnish a barrier between the face of the hub and the drive axle preventing loss of differential lubrication. Bolts are threaded through the hub on a diameter within its face for securing a wheel and engaging a drive axle, whereby the support of the wheel is not dependent upon the drive axle.