Abstract: For open loop phase pre-charge, an apparatus includes a Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) charging diode and a charge generator. The SMPS charging diode pre-charges an SMPS to a regulation set point from at least one phase of an Alternating Current (AC) voltage. The charge generator is powered by the pre-charged SMPS. In response to detecting the regulation set point iteratively, the charge generator detects a specified phase angle of the AC voltage. In response to the specified phase angle, the charge generator iteratively generates a charging voltage during positive voltage interval that charges a Direct Current (DC) bus capacitor to a target DC bus voltage within a charging time interval. At least a portion of the charge generator comprises one or more of hardware and executable code, the executable code stored on one or more computer readable storage media.

Abstract: A switch mode power supply includes a bootstrap circuit, control circuits, and an auxiliary winding coupled to the bootstrap circuit and configured to supply power to the control circuits after startup of the power supply. The bootstrap circuit is configured to supply power to the control circuits during startup and includes an isolation circuit to limit current flow between the starting capacitor and the control circuits while the starting capacitor is charged to a starting voltage by the high voltage input. During the initial charge of the starting capacitor, the control circuits do not have power to provide the initial functionality of the power supply. Once the starting capacitor is charged to the starting voltage, the isolation circuit is activated to allow current flow that powers the control circuits during the remainder of the startup until the auxiliary winding is able to power the control circuits.

Abstract: A switch mode power supply includes a bootstrap circuit, control circuits, and an auxiliary winding coupled to the bootstrap circuit and configured to supply power to the control circuits after startup of the power supply. The bootstrap circuit is configured to supply power to the control circuits during startup and includes an isolation circuit to limit current flow between the starting capacitor and the control circuits while the starting capacitor is charged to a starting voltage by the high voltage input. During the initial charge of the starting capacitor, the control circuits do not have power to provide the initial functionality of the power supply. Once the starting capacitor is charged to the starting voltage, the isolation circuit is activated to allow current flow that powers the control circuits during the remainder of the startup until the auxiliary winding is able to power the control circuits.

Abstract: For open loop phase pre-charge, an apparatus includes a Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) charging diode and a charge generator. The SMPS charging diode pre-charges an SMPS to a regulation set point from at least one phase of an Alternating Current (AC) voltage. The charge generator is powered by the pre-charged SMPS. In response to detecting the regulation set point iteratively, the charge generator detects a specified phase angle of the AC voltage. In response to the specified phase angle, the charge generator iteratively generates a charging voltage during positive voltage interval that charges a Direct Current (DC) bus capacitor to a target DC bus voltage within a charging time interval. At least a portion of the charge generator comprises one or more of hardware and executable code, the executable code stored on one or more computer readable storage media.

Abstract: A continuous free radical polymerization process for the preparation of water-soluble copolymers from water-soluble monomers for further processing to dry polymers is disclosed. The process allows efficient polymerization of the monomers in aqueous solution in the presence of a free radical catalyst through backmixing. Water-soluble polymers with molecular weights of from about 3,000-30,000,000 and preferably from about 500,000-10,000,000 are obtained utilizing this process.

Abstract: Removable sidewalk and a method of installation involves preformed sidewalk slabs provided with interlocking means at two opposite ends. The slabs include attachment means for lifting the slabs into place. The slabs may be installed over utility services to form a sidewalk and removed and replaced as necessary to provide access to the underground utilities.