Abstract: Process for producing nanomaterials such as graphenes, graphene composites, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxides and other nanomaterials by high heat vaporization and rapid cooling. In some of the preferred embodiments, the high heat is produced by an oxidation-reduction reaction of carbon dioxide and magnesium as the primary reactants, although additional materials such as reaction catalysts, control agents, or composite materials can be included in the reaction, if desired. The reaction also produces nanomaterials from a variety of other input materials, and by varying the process parameters, the type and morphology of the carbon nanoproducts and other nanoproducts can be controlled. The reaction products include novel nanocrystals of MgO (percilase) and MgAl2O4 (spinels) as well as composites of these nanocrystals with multiple layers of graphene deposited on or intercalated with them.

Abstract: Process for producing nanomaterials such as graphenes, graphene composites, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxides and other nanomaterials by high heat vaporization and rapid cooling. In some of the preferred embodiments, the high heat is produced by an oxidation-reduction reaction of carbon dioxide and magnesium as the primary reactants, although additional materials such as reaction catalysts, control agents, or composite materials can be included in the reaction, if desired. The reaction also produces nanomaterials from a variety of other input materials, and by varying the process parameters, the type and morphology of the carbon nanoproducts and other nanoproducts can be controlled. The reaction products include novel nanocrystals of MgO (percilase) and MgAl2O4 (spinels) as well as composites of these nanocrystals with multiple layers of graphene deposited on or intercalated with them.

Abstract: Process for producing nanomaterials such as graphenes, graphene composites, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxides and other nanomaterials by high heat vaporization and rapid cooling. In some of the preferred embodiments, the high heat is produced by an oxidation-reduction reaction of carbon dioxide and magnesium as the primary reactants, although additional materials as reaction catalysts, control agents, or composite materials can be included in the reaction, if desired. The carbon dioxide and magnesium are combusted together in a reactor to produce nano-magnesium oxide, graphenes, graphene composites, and possibly other products which are then separated or excluded by suitable processes or reactions to provide the individual reaction products. The reaction is highly energetic, producing very high temperatures on the order of 5610° F. (3098° C.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for functionalizing and/or separating graphene particles and other nanomaterials in which graphene and other nanoparticles are placed in a pile on one of two opposing conductive surfaces that are charged with a high D.C. voltage so that material of a certain character is attracted to the other conducting surface. This process takes place in an enclosed chamber that has been flooded with a designated gas at ambient pressure, with the material attracted to the second conducting surface passing through the designated gas. The high energy field creates a condition such that the material remaining on the first conductive surface takes on atoms of the designated gas and material the going to the second surface is further exposed to and characterized by the designated gas.

Abstract: Graphene composite material and devices using the same. The graphene is dispersed in material such as polyurethane, latex, other elastomers, and other polymers to produce a composite material having high heat transfer properties which make it particularly suitable for use in removing heat from LEDs and other electronic devices. Several examples of heat transfer devices utilizing the material are disclosed.

Abstract: System and process in which graphene, which may be produced on a commercial scale, is highly purified, then functionalized in a vertical plasma reactor which can also deagglomerate and/or delaminate the graphene, as well as separating or classifying the functionalized graphene particles according to size. In one disclosed embodiment, the graphene is produced by combustion of magnesium (Mg) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a highly exothermic reaction. The graphene is separated from the other reaction products and purified in a series of washing, heating, and drying steps, following which it is functionalized and otherwise processed in the plasma reactor.

Abstract: Process for producing nanomaterials such as graphenes, graphene composites, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxides and other nanomaterials by high heat vaporization and rapid cooling. In some of the preferred embodiments, the high heat is produced by an oxidation-reduction reaction of carbon dioxide and magnesium as the primary reactants, although additional materials such as reaction catalysts, control agents, or composite materials can be included in the reaction, if desired. The reaction also produces nanomaterials from a variety of other input materials, and by varying the process parameters, the type and morphology of the carbon nanoproducts and other nanoproducts can be controlled. The reaction products include novel nanocrystals of MgO (percilase) and MgAl2O4 (spinels) as well as composites of these nanocrystals with multiple layers of graphene deposited on or intercalated with them.

Abstract: Process for producing nanomaterials such as graphenes, graphene composites, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxides and other nanomaterials by high heat vaporization and rapid cooling. In some of the preferred embodiments, the high heat is produced by an oxidation-reduction reaction of carbon dioxide and magnesium as the primary reactants, although additional materials such as reaction catalysts, control agents, or composite materials can be included in the reaction, if desired. The reaction also produces nanomaterials from a variety of other input materials, and by varying the process parameters, the type and morphology of the carbon nanoproducts and other nanoproducts can be controlled. The reaction products include novel nanocrystals of MgO (percilase) and MgAl2O4 (spinels) as well as composites of these nanocrystals with multiple layers of graphene deposited on or intercalated with them.

Abstract: Process for producing carbon nanospheres and other nano materials with carbon dioxide and magnesium. The carbon dioxide and magnesium are combusted together in a reactor to produce carbon nanospheres and magnesium oxide, which are then separated to provide the individual reaction products. The reaction occurs at a very high temperature, e.g. 2000° F.-5000° F. and also produces large amounts of useful energy in the form of heat and light, including infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Other oxidizing agents such as aluminum can be combined with the magnesium, and the metal oxides produced by the reaction can be recycled to provide additional oxidizing agents for combustion with the carbon dioxide. By varying the reaction temperature, the morphology of the carbon products can be controlled.

Abstract: An engineered, scalable underground containment system and method for storing compressed gases or liquids in permeable rock formations using conventional drilling techniques. The porosity and permeability of the formation may be enhanced to maximize reservoir capacity and increase the rate at which gases and liquids can be introduced into and removed from the reservoir. In some embodiments, layers of cap rock in the formation are utilized as containment barriers, and in some, containment barriers are constructed around the storage zones.

Abstract: Underground sequestration system and method in which a liquid or gas is stored in a sequestration zone of enhanced porosity in an underground geological formation, with a containment barrier around the sequestration zone. Conditions within the formation are monitored to verify the integrity of the sequestered substance, and any necessary repair or maintenance is done through wells that extend into the formation. In some disclosed embodiments, the porosity of the formation in the sequestration zone is enhanced by boreholes and laterals that are drilled with high velocity hydraulic cutting jets, and the sequestered liquid or gas is injected into the sequestration zone through the boreholes and laterals. Additional boreholes and laterals are employed in the containment barrier, and the barrier is formed of a thixotropic material that is injected into the formation through the additional boreholes and laterals.

Abstract: An engineered, scalable underground containment system and method for storing compressed gases or liquids in permeable rock formations using conventional drilling techniques. The porosity and permeability of the formation may be enhanced to maximize reservoir capacity and increase the rate at which gases and liquids can be introduced into and removed from the reservoir. In some embodiments, layers of cap rock in the formation are utilized as containment barriers, and in some, containment barriers are constructed around the storage zones.

Abstract: Process for producing nanomaterials such as graphenes, graphene composites, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxides and other nanomaterials by high heat vaporization and rapid cooling. In some of the preferred embodiments, the high heat is produced by an oxidation-reduction reaction of carbon dioxide and magnesium as the primary reactants, although additional materials such as reaction catalysts, control agents, or composite materials can be included in the reaction, if desired. The reaction also produces nanomaterials from a variety of other input materials, and by varying the process parameters, the type and morphology of the carbon nanoproducts and other nanoproducts can be controlled. The reaction products include novel nanocrystals of MgO (percilase) and MgAl2O4 (spinels) as well as composites of these nanocrystals with multiple layers of graphene deposited on or intercalated with them.

Abstract: Process for producing carbon nanospheres and other nano materials with carbon dioxide and magnesium. The carbon dioxide and magnesium are combusted together in a reactor to produce carbon nanospheres and magnesium oxide, which are then separated to provide the individual reaction products. The reaction occurs at a very high temperature, e.g. 2000° F.-5000° F. and also produces large amounts of useful energy in the form of heat and light, including infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Other oxidizing agents such as aluminum can be combined with the magnesium, and the metal oxides produced by the reaction can be recycled to provide additional oxidizing agents for combustion with the carbon dioxide. By varying the reaction temperature, the morphology of the carbon products can be controlled.

Abstract: An engineered, scalable underground containment system and method for storing compressed gases or liquids in permeable rock formations using conventional drilling techniques. The porosity and permeability of the formation may be enhanced to maximize reservoir capacity and increase the rate at which gases and liquids can be introduced into and removed from the reservoir. In some embodiments, layers of cap rock in the formation are utilized as containment barriers, and in some, containment barriers are constructed around the storage zones.

Abstract: An engineered, scalable underground containment system and method for storing compressed gases or liquids in permeable rock formations using conventional drilling techniques. The porosity and permeability of the formation may be enhanced to maximize reservoir capacity and increase the rate at which gases and liquids can be introduced into and removed from the reservoir. In some embodiments, layers of cap rock in the formation are utilized as containment barriers, and in some, containment barriers are constructed around the storage zones.

Abstract: Underground sequestration system and method in which a liquid or gas is stored in a sequestration zone of enhanced porosity in an underground geological formation, with a containment barrier around the sequestration zone. Conditions within the formation are monitored to verify the integrity of the sequestered substance, and any necessary repair or maintenance is done through wells that extend into the formation. In some disclosed embodiments, the porosity of the formation in the sequestration zone is enhanced by boreholes and laterals that are drilled with high velocity hydraulic cutting jets, and the sequestered liquid or gas is injected into the sequestration zone through the boreholes and laterals. Additional boreholes and laterals are employed in the containment barrier, and the barrier is formed of a thixotropic material that is injected into the formation through the additional boreholes and laterals.

Abstract: Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method in which a hole is formed with a series of drill heads and strings of successively smaller diameter. After each section of the hole is formed, the drill head is withdrawn back through the string, leaving the string in place in the hole to serve as a casing for the well. The next smaller size drill head and string are then introduced through the strings which have already been placed, and the process is repeated until the hole has reached the desired length. The course of the hole can be changed, e.g. from vertical to horizontal, without interruption of the drilling process by selective application of the drilling fluid to the nozzles in the drill head to steer the advancing string. Multiple laterals are formed by introducing a module having a plurality of extensible drilling tubes with drill heads at the distal ends thereof into the string and applying the pressurized drilling fluid to the module to advance the tubes from the string.

Abstract: Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method in which a hole is formed with a series of drill heads and strings of successively smaller diameter. After each section of the hole is formed, the drill head is withdrawn back through the string, leaving the string in place in the hole to serve as a casing for the well. The next smaller size drill head and string are then introduced through the strings which have already been placed, and the process is repeated until the hole has reached the desired length. The course of the hole can be changed, e.g. from vertical to horizontal, without interruption of the drilling process by selective application of the drilling fluid to the nozzles in the drill head to steer the advancing string. Multiple laterals are formed by introducing a module having a plurality of extensible drilling tubes with drill heads at the distal ends thereof into the string and applying the pressurized drilling fluid to the module to advance the tubes from the string.

Abstract: A device is inserted into the vagina of a female animal, such as of the bovine, porcine, ovine, equine, or caprine species. Long-term retention enhances the quality and quantity of meat produced by the animal. In one embodiment, the device includes a central shaft which carries two axially spaced mounting rings to which are affixed a plurality of elongate resilient rods which radiate to terminate in free ends of enlarged bulbous configuration. The device is inserted into the animal's vagina with a speculum. The bulbous ends of the rods are urged to engage and become embedded in the animal's vaginal lining for long-term retention.