Abstract: A process for upgrading a diesel fuel, includes the steps of providing a diesel fuel feedstock; hydrogenating the feedstock at a pressure of less than about 600 psig so as to provide a hydrogenated product wherein a portion of the feedstock is converted to alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds; and selectively oxidizing the hydrogenated product in the presence of a catalyst so as to convert the alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds to alkyl ketones. A catalyst and oxygen-containing Diesel fuel are also provided.

Abstract: A water-in-hydrocarbon emulsion includes a water phase, a hydrocarbon phase and a surfactant, wherein the water phase is present in an amount greater than or equal to about 5% vol. with respect to volume of the emulsion, and the water phase and the surfactant are present at a ratio by volume of the water phase to the surfactant of at least about 1. A method for preparing the emulsion is also provided.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a diesel fuel, includes the steps of providing a diesel fuel feedstock; hydrogenating the feedstock at a pressure of less than about 600 psig so as to provide a hydrogenated product wherein a portion of the feedstock is converted to alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds; and selectively oxidizing the hydrogenated product in the presence of a catalyst so as to convert the alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds to alkyl ketones. A catalyst and oxygen-containing Diesel fuel are also provided.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a diesel fuel, includes the steps of providing a diesel fuel feedstock; hydrogenating the feedstock at a pressure of less than about 600 psig so as to provide a hydrogenated product wherein a portion of the feedstock is converted to alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds; and selectively oxidizing the hydrogenated product in the presence of a catalyst so as to convert the alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds to alkyl ketones. A catalyst and oxygen-containing Diesel fuel are also provided.

Abstract: A water-in-hydrocarbon emulsion includes a water phase, a hydrocarbon phase and a surfactant, wherein the water phase is present in an amount greater than or equal to about 5% vol. with respect to volume of the emulsion, and the water phase and the surfactant are present at a ratio by volume of the water phase to the surfactant of at least about 1. A method for preparing the emulsion is also provided.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a diesel fuel, includes the steps of providing a diesel fuel feedstock; hydrogenating the feedstock at a pressure of less than about 600 psig so as to provide a hydrogenated product wherein a portion of the feedstock is converted to alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds; and selectively oxidizing the hydrogenated product in the presence of a catalyst so as to convert the alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds to alkyl ketones. A catalyst and oxygen-containing Diesel fuel are also provided.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a diesel fuel, includes the steps of providing a diesel fuel feedstock; hydrogenating the feedstock at a pressure of less than about 600 psig so as to provide a hydrogenated product wherein a portion of the feedstock is converted to alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds; and selectively oxidizing the hydrogenated product in the presence of a catalyst so as to convert the alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds to alkyl ketones. A catalyst and oxygen-containing Diesel fuel are also provided.

Abstract: A water-in-hydrocarbon emulsion includes a water phase, a hydrocarbon phase and a surfactant, wherein the water phase is present in an amount greater than or equal to about 5% vol. with respect to volume of the emulsion, and the water phase and the surfactant are present at a ratio by volume of the water phase to the surfactant of at least about 1. A method for preparing the emulsion is also provided.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a diesel fuel, includes the steps of providing a diesel fuel feedstock; hydrogenating the feedstock at a pressure of less than about 600 psig so as to provide a hydrogenated product wherein a portion of the feedstock is converted to alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds; and selectively oxidizing the hydrogenated product in the presence of a catalyst so as to convert the alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds to alkyl ketones. A catalyst and oxygen-containing Diesel fuel are also provided.

Abstract: A process for treating a vacuum gas oil and Diesel feed includes the steps of providing reaction feed containing vacuum gas oil, Diesel and sulfur-containing compounds; providing a stripping gas; providing a washing feed; and mixing the reaction feed, the stripping gas and the washing feed in a stripping and washing zone so as to obtain a gas phase containing the sulfur-containing compounds and a liquid phase substantially free of the sulfur-containing compounds. The washing feed comprises at least one of Diesel, light vacuum gas oil and mixtures thereof produced in the process or added from external source.

Abstract: An integrated process for treating a vacuum gas oil, kerosene, naphtha and Diesel-containing feed, includes the steps of providing a reaction feed containing residue, vacuum gas oil, kerosene, naphtha, Diesel, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and C1-C4 gas phase compounds; providing a stripping gas; providing a washing feed; and feeding the reaction feed, the stripping gas and the washing feed to a stripping and washing zone so as to obtain a gas phase containing the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia, the C1-C4 gas phase compounds, the naphtha, the kerosene, the Diesel and the vacuum gas oil and a liquid phase, wherein the reaction feed is provided at a reaction feed pressure of between bout 700 psig and about 3500 psig, and wherein the stripping and washing zone is operated at a pressure within about 80 psig of the reaction feed pressure.

Abstract: A hydroconversion catalyst composition includes a catalytically active matrix having a surface area of between about 50 m.sup.2 /g to about 290 m.sup.2 /g, a silicious molecular sieve support medium distributed through the matrix and having a surface area of between about 250 m.sup.2 /g to about 1200 m.sup.2 /g and a catalytically active phase supported on the support medium and including a first metal selected from group IIIA of the periodic table of elements and a second metal selected from group VIB of the periodic table of elements. The matrix preferably further includes aluminum, gallium, cobalt, molybdenum, and phosphorus.

Abstract: A hydroconversion catalyst composition includes a catalytically active matrix having a surface area of between about 50 m.sup.2 /g to about 290 m.sup.2 /g, a silicious molecular sieve support medium distributed through the matrix and having a surface area of between about 250 m.sup.2 /g to about 1200 m.sup.2 /g and a catalytically active phase supported on the support medium and including a first metal selected from group IIIA of the periodic table of elements and a second metal selected from group VIB of the periodic table of elements. The matrix preferably further includes aluminum, gallium, cobalt, molybdenum, and phosphorus.

Abstract: A tri-elemental catalyst on a support that includes a pentasil crystalline zeolite and is suitable for hydrocracking and hydrogenation of aromatics-containing petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks such as hydrotreated cracked feedstock, virgin feedstock, vacuum distillate, middle distillate, mixtures thereof, and the like, is disclosed. The catalyst is suitable for hydrodesulfurization as well as hydrodenitrogenation, thus the feedstock can contain sulfur and nitrogen in addition to the aromatic components. Hydrocracking and aromatics hydrogenation of the petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks is accomplished under a relatively wide range of process conditions in plural process zones using the tri-elemental catalyst that contains a catalytically active metal phase constituted by a Group VI-B element, a Group VIII first transition series element and a Group VIII second transition series element.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for mild-hydrocracking of cracked petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks and selective to diesel fuels contains a catalytically active metal phase constituted by a Group VI-B element, a Group VIII first transition series element and a Group VIII second transition series element, all supported on a titania-alumina support containing about 5% to about 30% by weight titania in the support. The support is prepared by combining titanium oxide and aluminum oxide hydrogels, in appropriate proportions, followed by extrusion, drying, and calcination. The catalytically active metal phase is introduced onto the support by impregnation followed by drying and calcination. The catalytically active metal phase is then sulfided. The produced catalyst is suitable for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, mild-hydrocracking and aromatics hydrogenation of previously cracked petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrocatalytic process for treating vacuum gas oils, residual feedstocks or mixtures thereof in the presence of up to 100 ppm of V and Ni at moderate hydrogen partial pressures. The process consists of two or more stages: (a) demetallization of feedstock to levels below 10 ppm of V and Ni, and (b) hydrodenitrogenation and hydroconversion of catalysts using a combined bed, and catalytic cracking of the 370.degree. C..+-. fraction to obtain gasolines. This process applies also to vacuum gas oils obtained from other processes, such as FCC, Flexicoque, etc.

Abstract: The invention, in one aspect, relates to a particular method for the preparation of a hydrocracking catalyst, using a high iron content bauxite as a basis. This bauxite is ground and screened to a specific size and mixed with up to three types of additives: a promoter additive of the P, Mo, Co, Ni, W type, optionally a hardener additive of the phosphoric acid type, and optionally a lubricant and pore-generating additive of the polyvinyl-alcohol, polyethylene-glycol, starch type. The additives are blended with the bauxite before, or during the extrusion of the blend for the formation of pellets. The pellets are subjected to drying and calcination under controlled conditions for their activation.The obtained catalyst offers a good mechanical strength, a high content in macropores and a high activity, specifically for the hydrocracking of heavy Venezuelan crudes or residues.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrotreatment of heavy crudes and their residues, and a method of preparing same, is disclosed, which has significant simultaneous hydrodemetallizing and hydrodesulfurizing activity. The catalyst is prepared by successively impregnating an extruded refractory support with a Group VIb and a Group VIII metal, calcining the pellet thus produced, and presulfurizing same. Pore volume of the catalyst ranges between 0.50 and 1.2 ml/g, total surface area ranges between 120 and 140 m.sup.2 /g, at least 60% of said pore volume consists of pores having diameters greater than 100 .ANG., and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy signal band strength ratios are as follows: I(Me VIb)/I(refractory metal) is between 5 and 8, and I(Me VIII)/I(refractory metal) is between 1 and 5.

Abstract: The invention, in one aspect, relates to a particular method for the preparation of a hydrocracking catalyst, using a high iron content bauxite as a basis. This bauxite is ground and screened to a specific size and mixed with up to three types of additives: a promoter additive of the P, Mo, Co, Ni, W type, optionally a hardener additive of the phosphoric acid type, and optionally a lubricant and pore-generating additive of the polyvinyl-alcohol, polyethylene-glycol, starch type. The additives are blended with the bauxite before, or during the extrusion of the blend for the formation of pellets. The pellets are subjected to drying and calcination under controlled conditions for their activation.The obtained catalyst offers a good mechanical strength, a high content in macropores and a high activity, specifically for the hydrocracking of heavy Venezuelan crudes or residues.

Abstract: Heavy crudes or vacuum residues are treated in a thermal hydroconversion process in the presence of a metal catalyst from Groups IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements and water. Fresh catalyst is introduced into the process as a soluble, metallic catalyst precursor which is then decomposed while feedstock admixed with water is preheated to a temperature of at least about 230.degree. C. but no more than about 420.degree. C.