Abstract: Disclosed is a drone-assisted and non-drone assisted NLoS-FSOC network and method for high-speed communications in disaster-struck areas or where there is little or no communications. NLoS-FSOC uses a diffuse reflector that is in LoS of a transmitter and receiver for establishing a broadcast optical channel. NLoS-FSOC establishes uplink and downlink transmissions. The present disclosure services at least 130% more stations and provides at least 100% more aggregated downlink data rates than drone-assisted than RF-based schemes. It also consumes 116 times less energy compared to RF-based schemes by using high-bandwidth optical signals and coherent light of laser light in NLoS-FSOC, optical broadcast channel use, and drone or non-drone front-haul diffuse reflection placement. The present disclosure is used autonomously or in combination with other systems such as RF schemes for a more robust solution to RF schemes alone.

Abstract: A method and a system for rail transit communication. The method includes: selecting a second target FSO transceiver from the FSO transceivers that are currently located within a signal coverage of a target FSO base station, in response to detecting that a first target free-space-optics (FSO) transceiver moves out of the signal coverage of the target FSO base station when data communication between the target FSO base station and the target user terminal is performed via the first target FSO transceiver, where the target FSO base station is one of the FSO base stations located on the rail; and maintaining the data communication between the target FSO base station and the target user terminal, by using the second target FSO transceiver. Handover among the base stations is reduced for user equipment, data communication rate is increased, and communication experience of passengers can be improved.

Abstract: Energy packet switches (EPS) employing supercapacitors as storage provide aggregation and delivery of energy to users based on shared-capacitance in a digital power grid. The EPS aggregates energy from one or multiple energy sources, stores and dispatches the energy in discrete amounts as energy packets to one or multiple users. The payload of the energy packet is adjusted by the voltages of the supercapacitors which are used as energy containers for both the EPS and the users. The EPS has a control plane where data transmitted is used to control the operation of the EPS, and a power plane to receive and transmit energy between ports. The power and data planes work in parallel and with a parallel data network. Control and management of the EPS are based on a request-grant transport protocol. The data network is used to receive energy requests and grants, and a granting scheme is used to select which loads are granted energy.

Abstract: Energy packet switches (EPS) employing supercapacitors as storage provide aggregation and delivery of energy to users based on shared-capacitance in a digital power grid. The EPS aggregates energy from one or multiple energy sources, stores and dispatches the energy in discrete amounts as energy packets to one or multiple users. The payload of the energy packet is adjusted by the voltages of the supercapacitors which are used as energy containers for both the EPS and the users. The EPS has a control plane where data transmitted is used to control the operation of the EPS, and a power plane to receive and transmit energy between ports. The power and data planes work in parallel and with a parallel data network. Control and management of the EPS are based on a request-grant transport protocol. The data network is used to receive energy requests and grants, and a granting scheme is used to select which loads are granted energy.

Abstract: A method and a system for rail transit communication. The method includes: selecting a second target FSO transceiver from the FSO transceivers that are currently located within a signal coverage of a target FSO base station, in response to detecting that a first target free-space-optics (FSO) transceiver moves out of the signal coverage of the target FSO base station when data communication between the target FSO base station and the target user terminal is performed via the first target FSO transceiver, where the target FSO base station is one of the FSO base stations located on the rail; and maintaining the data communication between the target FSO base station and the target user terminal, by using the second target FSO transceiver. Handover among the base stations is reduced for user equipment, data communication rate is increased, and communication experience of passengers can be improved.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for packetized energy distribution are provided. A data and power delivery network, called a digital grid, is provided to facilitate delivery of power upon request. Energy bits (quanta) serve as a means to deliver energy as well as coding. Voltage pulses of varying time scales are used for coding and current levels help to accurately meet customer's demand. Energy is sent as packets (a combination of energy bits), and specific energy packets are addressed to specific customers permitting accurate monitoring and distribution of electrical energy.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for packetized energy distribution are provided. A data and power delivery network, called a digital grid, is provided to facilitate delivery of power upon request. Energy bits (quanta) serve as a means to deliver energy as well as coding. Voltage pulses of varying time scales are used for coding and current levels help to accurately meet customer's demand. Energy is sent as packets (a combination of energy bits), and specific energy packets are addressed to specific customers permitting accurate monitoring and distribution of electrical energy.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for measuring clock skew between two remote hosts connected through a computer network. According to some examples, pairs of probe packets, also referred to as a compound probe, may be transmitted over an end-to-end path in both directions (forward and reverse paths) to measure a gap value at the end nodes for clock skew estimation. Compound probes may arrive at the end nodes with a zero dispersion gap (no separation) and the gap values along the forward and reverse paths may be determined by a capacity of the links connected to the end nodes added to the clock speeds of the measuring nodes upon arriving at the end nodes. The link capacity is a constant network parameter. Thus, the ratio of the measured gap values may provide an estimate of clock speed discrepancy between the end nodes.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described to determine a download throughput of a wireless connection in an environment hosting multiple wired and wireless connections. According to some examples, a compound probe may be transmitted from a source to a wireless destination. Another compound probe may also be transmitted from the source to the wireless destination. The compound probes may include multiple packets without any dispersion gap. Next, an average intra-packet gap (AIPG) and a minimum intra-packet gap (MIPG) may be determined from the first compound probe. Furthermore, another MIPG may be determined from the later compound probe. The download throughput from the source to the wireless destination may be computed from the AIPG and the MIPGs.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for measuring packet processing time of a remotely connected host device. According to some examples, link capacity may be measured to estimate the packet processing time (PPT). The capacity of the link connected to a host may be measured through active probing with the hosts time-stamping each probing packet after receiving it. Thus, PPT information may be included in the packet receiving process and the processes that the packet undergoes defined by the nature of different computing applications, time-stamping a packet is an example of a process that involves processing time.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed for forwarding cells of partitioned data through a three-stage memory-memory-memory (MMM) input-queued Clos-network (IQC) packet switch. In some examples, each module of the three-stage MMM IQC packet switch includes a virtual queue and a manager that are configured in cooperation with one another to forward a cell from among cells of partitioned data through at least a portion of the switch. The cells of partitioned data may have been partitioned and stored at an input port for the switch and have a destination of an output port for the switch.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for packetized energy distribution are provided. A data and power delivery network, called a digital grid, is provided to facilitate delivery of power upon request. Energy bits (quanta) serve as a means to deliver energy as well as coding. Voltage pulses of varying time scales are used for coding and current levels help to accurately meet customer's demand. Energy is sent as packets (a combination of energy bits), and specific energy packets are addressed to specific customers permitting accurate monitoring and distribution of electrical energy.

Abstract: A Clos-network packet switching system may include input modules coupled to a virtual output queue, central modules coupled to the input modules, and output modules coupled to the central modules, each output module having a plurality of cross-point buffers for storing a packet and one or more output ports for outputting the packet.

Abstract: Multicast traffic is expected to increase in packet networks, and therefore in switches and routers, by including broadcast and multimedia-on-demand services. Combined input-crosspoint buffered (CICB) switches can provide high performance under uniform multicast traffic. However this is often at the expense of N2 crosspoint buffers. An output-based shared-memory crosspoint-buffered (O-SMCB) packet switch is used where the crosspoint buffers are shared by two outputs and use no speedup. An embodiment of the proposed switch provides high performance under admissible uniform and non-uniform multicast traffic models while using 50% of the memory used in CICB switches that has dedicated buffers. Furthermore, the O-SMCB switch provides higher throughput than an existing SMCB switch where the buffers are shared by inputs.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described to determine a download throughput of a wireless connection in an environment hosting multiple wired and wireless connections. According to some examples, a compound probe may be transmitted from a source to a wireless destination. Another compound probe may also be transmitted from the source to the wireless destination. The compound probes may include multiple packets without any dispersion gap. Next, an average intra-packet gap (AIPG) and a minimum intra-packet gap (MIPG) may be determined from the first compound probe. Furthermore, another MIPG may be determined from the later compound probe. The download throughput from the source to the wireless destination may be computed from the AIPG and the MIPGs.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed for forwarding cells of partitioned data through a three-stage memory-memory-memory (MMM) input-queued Clos-network (IQC) packet switch. In some examples, each module of the three-stage MMM IQC packet switch includes a virtual queue and a manager that are configured in cooperation with one another to forward a cell from among cells of partitioned data through at least a portion of the switch. The cells of partitioned data may have been partitioned and stored at an input port for the switch and have a destination of an output port for the switch.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for measuring clock skew between two remote hosts connected through a computer network. According to some examples, pairs of probe packets, also referred to as a compound probe, may be transmitted over an end-to-end path in both directions (forward and reverse paths) to measure a gap value at the end nodes for clock skew estimation. Compound probes may arrive at the end nodes with a zero dispersion gap (no separation) and the gap values along the forward and reverse paths may be determined by a capacity of the links connected to the end nodes added to the clock speeds of the measuring nodes upon arriving at the end nodes. The link capacity is a constant network parameter. Thus, the ratio of the measured gap values may provide an estimate of clock speed discrepancy between the end nodes.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for measuring packet processing time of a remotely connected host device. According to some examples, link capacity may be measured to estimate the packet processing time (PPT). The capacity of the link connected to a host may be measured through active probing with the hosts time-stamping each probing packet after receiving it. Thus, PPT information may be included in the packet receiving process and the processes that the packet undergoes defined by the nature of different computing applications, time-stamping a packet is an example of a process that involves processing time.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed for forwarding cells of partitioned data through a three-stage memory-memory-memory (MMM) input-queued Clos-network (IQC) packet switch. In some examples, each module of the three-stage MMM IQC packet switch includes a virtual queue and a manager that are configured in cooperation with one another to forward a cell from among cells of partitioned data through at least a portion of the switch. The cells of partitioned data may have been partitioned and stored at an input port for the switch and have a destination of an output port for the switch.

Abstract: Techniques are generally disclosed for disseminating link state information to one or more nodes of a network of nodes, the network of nodes interconnected via a plurality of communication channels.