Abstract: The present invention relates to an aperture (10) for electromagnetic radiation (100), preferably electromagnetic radiation (100) comprising a wavelength between 1 nm and 20 ?m, comprising an aperture body (20) made of a body material (22) transparent for the electromagnetic radiation (100). Further, the present invention relates to a method for aligning an aperture (10), and additionally to a system (70) for applying electromagnetic radiation (100) onto a source material and a dispersing element (90) for such a system (70).

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating a fluid that exhibits simplified manufacturing, a reduced construction size, and/or an increased heating efficiency. The heat exchanger has at least two distanced tube bodies through which a flow path of the fluid leads. A thin-film resistor is applied on the outer surface of at least one of the tube bodies with an interface made of a thermal interface material located between the thick-film resistor and the next neighboring tube body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a PTC heating element (1). The PTC heating element (1) comprises a block-shaped PTC thermistor (2) having two contact surfaces (4a, 4b) and two electrically conductive contact plates (3a, 3b). The PTC thermistor (2) is arranged between the contact plates (3a, 3b) and facing the contact plates (3a, 3b) with the contact surfaces (4a, 4b). An adhesion-promoting electrically conductive bonding layer (6a, 6b) each is arranged between the contact surface (4a, 4b) and the contact plate (3a, 3b). The PTC thermistor (2) is firmly connected to the respective contact plates (3a, 3b) by means of the respective bonding layers (6a, 6b) and electrically conductively contacted. The adhesion-promoting electrically conductive bonding layer (6a, 6b) according to the invention comprises silicone or consists thereof.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating a fluid that exhibits simplified manufacturing, a reduced construction size, and/or an increased heating efficiency. The heat exchanger has at least two distanced tube bodies through which a flow path of the fluid leads. A thin-film resistor is applied on the outer surface of at least one of the tube bodies with an interface made of a thermal interface material located between the thick-film resistor and the next neighboring tube body.

Abstract: A PTC heating module for a battery-operated motor vehicle may include a first and a second electrode, and a plurality of PTC elements. The first and second electrodes may be configured to be electrically conductive. The plurality of PTC elements may be arranged between the first and second electrodes and may be spaced apart from one another in a longitudinal direction of the PTC heating module. The first and second electrodes may be connected to the plurality of PTC elements. At least one of the first and second electrodes may be subdivided into at least two electrode tracks. The at least two electrode tracks may be electrically isolated from one another. Each of the at least two electrode tracks may be connected to the plurality of PTC elements.

Abstract: A heating arrangement may include at least one PTC heating device with at least one first PTC heating element. The PTC heating device includes at least one second PTC heating element that is distinct from the first PTC heating element, wherein the first and second PTC heating elements may be arranged in a through-flow direction next to one another. Alternatively, a further PTC heating device with at least one second PTC heating element that is distinct from the first PTC heating element may be provided, wherein the first and second PTC heating devices may be arranged in the through-flow direction next to one another.

Abstract: A heating arrangement may include a first PTC heating device with at least one first PTC heating element, and a second PTC heating device with at least one second PTC heating element. The first and second PTC heating devices may be arranged in a through-flow direction one behind the other. The first and second PTC heating devices may be controllable independently of one another via a controller.

Abstract: A heating element assembly for a heating device of a vehicle may include at least one first PTC heating element configured to heat a fluid, at least one second PTC heating element configured to heat the fluid, and at least one additional heating device configured to heat the at least one first PTC heating element and the at least one second PTC heating element. The at least one first PTC heating element and the at least one second PTC heating element may be arranged spaced apart from one another. The at least one additional heating device may be arranged, at least in sections, between the at least one first PTC heating element and the at least one second PTC heating element.

Abstract: A heating module includes at least one cold conductor element and at least one electrical heating element that is different from the at least one cold conductor element. The at least one cold conductor element and the at least one heating element are electrically connectable in parallel. The at least one cold conductor element and the at least one heating element are connected with one another thermally in a heat-transferring manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating module (14) with at least one PTC thermistor element (2) and at least one heating element (15), which is different from a PTC thermistor element (2), wherein the heating element (15) and the PTC thermistor element (2) are connected electrically in series. A simplified and cost-effective production and/or operation of the heating module (14) materialise in that the heating element (15) is thermally connected to the PTC thermistor element (2) in a heat-transferring manner and an electric current density through the PTC thermistor element (2) is lower than the electric current density through the heating element (15). The invention, furthermore, relates to a heating device (31) having at least one such heating module (14).

Abstract: A PTC heating element for a PTC heating module for a vehicle is disclosed. The PTC heating element includes a PTC thermistor having two main surface that, in a thickness direction of the PTC thermistor, are located opposite one another and spaced apart from one another. Two electrically conductive contact layers are applied to the two main surfaces of the PTC thermistor. A total quotient between a total geometrical area of the two contact layers and a total geometrical area of the two main surfaces is substantially below 1 and substantially above 0, e.g., between 0.05 and 0.85.