Abstract: A formed sheet metal stud having a flange on the opposite side of the wall from that which is exposed to a fire, which flange is formed by a double thickness of the sheet metal which is loosely folded, leaving a finite space between the two thicknesses to function as a chimney, providing a cooling effect on portions of the stud adjacent the highest temperatures of the fire. Small holes are formed in the outer face of the loosely folded flange to permit cooler air from the unexposed side of the stud to enter the void within the loosely folded flange, where the air rises and cools the stud, and/or they permit heated air rising within the void to escape.

Abstract: A formed sheet metal stud having a flange on the opposite side of the wall from that which is exposed to a fire, which flange is formed by a double thickness of the sheet metal which is loosely folded, leaving a finite space between the two thicknesses to function as a chimney, providing a cooling effect on portions of the stud adjacent the highest temperatures of the fire. Small holes are formed in the outer face of the loosely folded flange to permit cooler air from the unexposed side of the stud to enter the void within the loosely folded flange, where the air rises and cools the stud, and/or they permit heated air rising within the void to escape.

Abstract: Two adjacent sheets of wallboard are held firmly against a stud, until the adhesive between the wallboard and the stud becomes firm, by a tie wire which is removably held by two spaced apart staples in the stud, and by an elongate rigid block which is held against the face of the wallboards by tie wire.