Abstract: A method of removing zinc from galvanized steel, comprises immersing the galvanized steel in a caustic electrolyte solution, electrically connecting the steel to the positive terminals of a source of direct current, and electrically connecting the negative terminals of the current source to a cathode material which is stable in caustic electrolyte and has a low hydrogen overvoltage.

Abstract: A method of removing zinc from galvanized steel without substantial co-dissolution of substrate iron comprises immersing the galvanized steel in a caustic electrolyte solution, and electrically connecting the galvanized steel to a cathode material which is stable in caustic electrolyte and has a low hydrogen overvoltage.

Abstract: An electrode structure for electrolytic cells is disclosed. The electrode structure comprises a central current-collector structure having high points on at least one side and adapted to be placed vertically in the electrolytic cell, and a porous electrode secured to the high points of the current-collector structure on at least one side thereof so as to form an essentially-planar pre-electrode surface. The high points of the current-collector are arranged so as to allow an unimpeded rise of the evolved gases to the top of the electrode.

Abstract: A method of reducing the overvoltages for hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline water electrolyzers while preventing displacement of the potential of electrically-floating cell components to a region where they are susceptible to corrosion is disclosed. The method comprises adding to the electrolyte between 0.01 and 10 gpl of vanadium ions and controlling the potential of the electrically-floating cell components so as to maintain such potential out of the region where corrosion cracking may occur by simultaneously adding between 0.1 and 20 gpl chromium ions to the electrolyte, or by using an electrical circuitry requiring no external source of power.

Abstract: A method of introducing hydrogen into a gas pipeline or other pressurized gas containers is disclosed. The method comprises feeding hydrogen from a low pressure source into the gas container through a barrier which is freely permeable to hydrogen but impermeable to the gas in the container until the hydrogen partial pressure in the container becomes equal to the hydrogen pressure which is applied to the barrier.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for heavy-water extraction from non-electrolytic hydrogen streams using a modified Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange-Heavy Water Process (CECE-HWP). The method comprises contacting feed water in a catalyst column with hydrogen gas originating partly from such non-electrolytic hydrogen stream and partly from an electrolytic hydrogen stream so as to enrich the feed water with deuterium extracted from both the non-electrolytic and electrolytic hydrogen gas, and passing the deuterium enriched water to an electrolyzer wherein the electrolytic hydrogen gas is generated and then fed through the catalyst column.

Abstract: A method of producing a cobalt plated electrode is disclosed. The method comprises subjecting an electrically conductive substrate to electrolytic plating in an aqueous bath containing cobalt ions and a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of hypophosphite salts, phosphite salts, formaldehyde and hydrazine in the concentration of 2 to 100 gpl. Ammonium ions and a weak complexing agent are preferably added to the bath. The current density is in the range of 0.2 to 150 mA/cm.sup.2 and the temperature of the bath between 20.degree. and 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a fluidized bed electrochemical reactor at a substantially constant current density for a prolonged period of time is disclosed. The method consists of electrowinning semi-continuously or continuously for a number of periods of predetermined duration. During each period the electrowon weight plus some fraction of the weight of powder is withdrawn from the bed and a predetermined amount of the starting powder is added to maintain the total surface area of the fluidized bed electrode approximately constant.

Abstract: A variable temperature sensor for detecting and/or controlling the temperature of an object is disclosed. The variable temperature sensor comprises a thermallly conductive probe having one end adapted to contact the object the temperature of which is to be sensed, measured and/or controlled and its other end adapted to contact a heat sink so as to create a predetermined temperature profile between the two ends of the thermally conductive probe, and a temperature sensing device having a predetermined temperature sensing point or range contacting the thermally conductive probe at a point which is substantially at the temperature sensing point or within the temperature sensing range of the sensing device.