Abstract: Localization systems and methods for unambiguously determining the range, bearing, and relative heading of a neighboring object relative to a reference point are provided. The systems and methods utilize a triangulation-based approach, wherein the range and heading information is based on measurements of angles between a reference coordinate system superposed on the reference point to a minimum of three target points on the neighboring object. The target points can include a minimum of three uniquely discernible beacons mounted to the neighboring object. A sensor capable of detecting the beacons is mounted at the reference point. The range and heading of the neighboring object can be calculated by an analysis of the geometries of the beacons and the reference point.

Abstract: An RFID localization system includes RFID tags positioned at known locations in a local frame of reference. Each RFID tag generates an RF signal indicative of its unique identity. RF antennas are mounted on a mobile vehicle at known positions/orientations relative to a reference point thereon. Each antenna has a range-bounded field-of-view associated therewith and detects each RF signal generated by any of the RFID tags within its range-bounded field-of-view. A processor coupled to the antennas stores information to include (i) each of the known locations of the RFID tags along with their unique identification, (ii) each known position and orientation of the antennas, and (iii) each range-bounded field-of-view associated with each antenna. The processor implements an evolutionary optimization scheme using the stored information based on each RF signal so-detected in order to determine a position and orientation of the mobile vehicle in the local frame of reference.

Abstract: An optical detection device for screening magnetic tape for physical defects. The device has three light emitting diodes in a row perpendicular to the direction of travel of the tape. Two rows of photovoltaic detectors having three and two detectors, respectively, are parallel to the row of diodes. The diodes direct light toward the surface of the tape. If no physical defects are present, the light is reflected at the tape surface to the detectors. If a physical defect is present, the light is scattered by the defect and the amount of light which reaches the detector is reduced.

Abstract: Coded information bearing elements such as video discs may be produced from multilayered articles. The articles comprise a base having a thermoplastic, radiation curable resin on one surface and an embossable electrically conductive or radiation reflective layer over said resin.

Abstract: A coded information structure capable of being decoded electronically comprising a base and a first layer of an electrically conductive or electromagneted radiation reflective layer adhered to said base wherein said layer having coded information in the form of areas of said layer having been vertically displaced and having ruptures or necking or the side of the depression and an insulating or transparent protective layer over said first layer.

Abstract: An information carrying element comprising a substrate having adhered to at least one surface thereof a separate layer having a thickness of 1.0 to 100 microns and a circular or spiral pattern of surface variations provides a particularly useful element when said separate layer comprises an abrasion resistant polymer layer derived from 30 to 100% by weight of an epoxy-terminated silane.