Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to techniques for allowing a first user of a messaging platform to send follow-up message(s) to a second user after expiration of an allotted messaging time period without violating existing messaging policies based at least in part on opt-in messaging. The first user may perform an API call to an API of a messaging server to send a follow-up message request. Based on the request, the messaging server may send an opt-in message to the second user who may then explicitly opt in to receive a follow-up message from the first user. A qualifying response by the second user to the opt-in message may cause the messaging server to generate a unique token for the communicating pair. The first user may send the follow-up message to the second user by sending the message with the token.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to techniques for allowing a first user of a messaging platform to send follow-up message(s) to a second user after expiration of an allotted messaging time period without violating existing messaging policies based at least in part on opt-in messaging. The first user may perform an API call to an API of a messaging server to send a follow-up message request. Based on the request, the messaging server may send an opt-in message to the second user who may then explicitly opt in to receive a follow-up message from the first user. A qualifying response by the second user to the opt-in message may cause the messaging server to generate a unique token for the communicating pair. The first user may send the follow-up message to the second user by sending the message with the token.

Abstract: An online system allows users to exchange messages with other users, including entities such as businesses. A user, such as a business, may use a third party system to manage messages with users of the online system. The online system provides the third party information with instructions comprising tracking mechanisms that identify specific actions between users from messages exchanged between users. For example, if a user purchases a product from another user via a message thread, a tracking mechanism identifies the purchase and transmits information reporting the purchase and identifying users to the online system. Hence, the tracking mechanism transmits a description of an action and information identifying the users to the online system, and may also transmit additional information, such as a value of the action to a user. The online system may use the descriptions of actions for content targeting or measurement and reporting of actions.

Abstract: A method measures a resident delay for each port in a node in a network and a peer delay between each pair of neighbor nodes in the network. From these resident delays and peer delays, latency between each pair of neighbor nodes in the network is determined. The method includes weighting a route for a data packet going through the nodes in the network using the determined latencies. Each node includes a switch having switchable connections and is configured by a controller to send probe packets from an output port to a port in a neighbor node. The packet may include a time stamp and an identifier.

Abstract: A method measures a resident delay for each port in a node in a network and a peer delay between each pair of neighbor nodes in the network. From these resident delays and peer delays, latency between each pair of neighbor nodes in the network is determined. The method includes weighting a route for a data packet going through the nodes in the network using the determined latencies. Each node includes a switch having switchable connections and is configured by a controller to send probe packets from an output port to a port in a neighbor node. The packet may include a time stamp and an identifier.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to enable a switch in a layer-2 multipath network to determine connectivity of a path to a destination switch. At a source switch, user flow parameters are determined for user flow packets to be transported in the layer-2 multipath network to a destination switch. The sourced switch determines a number of hops from it to the destination switch based on the user flow parameters. Timestamping is activated for time-to-live expiry packets received at the source switch and for time-to-live expiry packets received at the destination switch. One or more probe packets having user flow parameters matching the user flow parameters of user flow packets are generated so that the probe packets use the same path taken by the user flow packets between the source switch and the destination switch. In addition, a time-to-live value corresponding to the number of hops from the source switch to the destination switch is included in a hop count field of the one or more probe packets.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to enable a switch in a layer-2 multipath network to determine connectivity of a path to a destination switch. At a source switch, user flow parameters are determined for user flow packets to be transported in the layer-2 multipath network to a destination switch. The sourced switch determines a number of hops from it to the destination switch based on the user flow parameters. Timestamping is activated for time-to-live expiry packets received at the source switch and for time-to-live expiry packets received at the destination switch. One or more probe packets having user flow parameters matching the user flow parameters of user flow packets are generated so that the probe packets use the same path taken by the user flow packets between the source switch and the destination switch. In addition, a time-to-live value corresponding to the number of hops from the source switch to the destination switch is included in a hop count field of the one or more probe packets.