Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing electrically conducting nickel oxide surfaces made of nickel-containing material. According to the method, the nickel surface is first degreased and is then roughened for approximately ten minutes in a solution containing about one percent of hydrochloric acid, the process being accelerated by adding hydrogen peroxide solution, resulting in the electrolyte turning green. The nickel surface is briefly wetted, the nickel material is introduced into a solution of 3.5 molar lye to which about ten percent of hydrogen peroxide is added and is kept therein for ten minutes, and the resulting nickel hydroxide surface is dehydrated in a subsequent thermal process and is then further oxidized to obtain nickel oxide. The invention further relates to a conductive boundary layer that is produced according to the method, the electrodes therefrom, and the use thereof in chlorine-alkali electrolysis processes, in fuel cells and storage batteries.

Abstract: Electrolysis cell in the constructive form of single elements, intended for instance for the production of chlorine, hydrogen and/or caustic soda and designed in such a way that the portion of inactive membrane surface is minimised thanks to an optimised flange type so that the ratio between the flange surface of a semi-shell and the active membrane surface can be set to less than 0.045, neither the semi-shells nor the membrane being provided with bores or recesses for accommodating the clamping members.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine from an aqueous alkali halide solution, which mainly consists of two semi-shells, an anode, a cathode and an ion exchange membrane arranged between the electrodes. Spacer elements are arranged between the ion-exchange membrane and the electrodes for fixing the membrane in position and distributing the compressive forces, made of electrically conductive and corrosion-resistant material on at least one side of the membrane.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical processes for gas production, which in the installed state is located parallel and opposite to an ion exchange membrane and consists of a multitude of horizontal lamellar elements which are structured and three-dimensionally shaped and are in contact with only one surface with the membrane, wherein the lamellar elements have grooves and holes, the major part of the holes being placed in the grooves and the surfaces of such holes or part thereof are located in the grooves or extend into the grooves whereby the holes are ideally placed in the contact area of the respective lamellar element with the membrane.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell consisting of two semi-shells and encompassing mainly the inlet and outlet devices, components for the flow control, a membrane as well as anode and cathode.

Abstract: Disclosed are ligands that have binding specificity for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or for VEGF and EGFR. Also disclosed are methods of using these ligands. In particular, the use of these ligands for cancer therapy is described.

Abstract: Disclosed are ligands that have binding specificity for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or for VEGF and EGFR. Also disclosed are methods of using these ligands. In particular, the use of these ligands for cancer therapy is described.

Abstract: A method for preparing recombinant fusion proteins that comprise at least one natural junction is described. Fusion proteins that contain at least one natural junction have reduced potential for immunogenicity, improved stability, reduced tendency to aggregate, improved expression and/or improved production yields relative to conventional fusion proteins. Novel fusion proteins that comprise at least one natural junction, compositions comprising the fusion proteins and methods of using the proteins are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides humanized mouse anti-human IL-31 antibodies and antibody fragments that are capable of binding IL-31 and thereby neutralizing, inhibiting, limiting, or reducing the proinflammatory or pro-pruritic effects of IL-31.

Abstract: Disclosed are ligands that have binding specificity for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or for VEGF and EGFR. Also disclosed are methods of using these ligands. In particular, the use of these ligands for cancer therapy is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a gas diffusion electrode from a silver catalyst on a PTFE-substrate. The pore system of the silver catalyst is filled with a moistening filling agent. A dimensionally stable solid body having a particle size greater than the particle size of the silver catalyst is mixed with the silver catalyst. Said compression-stable mass is formed in a first calendar in order to form a homogenous catalyst band. In a second calendar, an electroconductive discharge material is embossed in the catalyst band, and heating takes places between the first and the second calendar by means of a heating device, wherein at least parts of the moistened filling agent are eliminated. The invention also relates to a gas diffusion electrode which is produced according to said method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing electrically conducting nickel oxide surfaces made of nickel-containing material. According to said method, the nickel surface is first degreased and is then roughened for approximately ten minutes in a solution containing about one percent of hydrochloric acid, said process being accelerated by adding hydrogen peroxide solution, resulting in the electrolyte turning green. The nickel surface is briefly wetted, the nickel material is introduced into a solution of 3.5 molar lye to which about ten percent of hydrogen peroxide is added and is kept therein for ten minutes, and the resulting nickel hydroxide surface is dehydrated in a subsequent thermal process and is then further oxidized to obtain nickel oxide. The invention further relates to a conductive boundary layer that is produced according to said method, the electrodes therefrom, and the use thereof in chlorine-alkali electrolysis processes, in fuel cells and storage batteries.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine from an aqueous alkali halide solution, which mainly consists of two semi-shells, an anode, a cathode and an ion exchange membrane arranged between the electrodes.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical processes for gas production, which in the installed state is located parallel and opposite to an ion exchange membrane and consists of a multitude of horizontal lamellar elements which are structured and three-dimensionally shaped and are in contact with only one surface with the membrane, wherein the lamellar elements have grooves and holes, the major part of the holes being placed in the grooves and the surfaces of such holes or part thereof are located in the grooves or extend into the grooves whereby the holes are ideally placed in the contact area of the respective lamellar element with the membrane.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell consisting of two semi-shells and encompassing mainly the inlet and outlet devices, components for the flow control, a membrane as well as anode and cathode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolysis device for halogen gas production from an aqueous alkali halide solution in several plate-type electrolysis cells stacked and arranged side by side, with electrical contacts, each of the cells with a housing consisting of two half-shells made of electrically conductive material, said housing being equipped with devices for feeding electrolytic current and the electrolysis plant reactants and devices for discharging electrolytic current and discharging the electrolysis products, with anodic electrode, cathodic electrode and a membrane arranged therebetween, built-in components being fitted in at least one of the two half-shells and permitting a defined increase in the liquid level and thus minimizing the remaining gas volume accordingly.

Abstract: Electrolysis cell in the constructive form of single elements, intended for instance for the production of chlorine, hydrogen and/or caustic soda and designed in such a way that the portion of inactive membrane surface is minimised thanks to an optimised flange type so that the ratio between the flange surface of a semi-shell and the active membrane surface can be set to less than 0.045, neither the semi-shells nor the membrane being provided with bores or recesses for accommodating the clamping members.

Abstract: With the help of a method for production of a gaseous diffusion electrode from a silver catalyst on PTFE-substrate, it is endeavored to achieve results which can be reproduced, by avoiding the disadvantages of the state-of-the-art technology, whereby this is achieved in that the porous system of the silver catalyst is filled with a wetted fluid; a dimension-stable solid body with a grain size above that of the silver catalyst is mixed below the silver catalyst; the thus compression-stable mass is shaped into a homogenous catalyst band in a calender; and in a second calender step, an electrically conductive conductor material is imprinted into the catalyst band.

Abstract: Disclosed are ligands that have binding specificity for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or for VEGF and EGFR. Also disclosed are methods of using these ligands. In particular, the use of these ligands for cancer therapy is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolysis device for halogen gas production from an aqueous alkali halide solution in several plate-type electrolysis cells stacked and arranged side by side, with electrical contacts, each of the cells with a housing consisting of two half-shells made of electrically conductive material, said housing being equipped with devices for feeding electrolytic current and the electrolysis plant reactants and devices for discharging electrolytic current and discharging the electrolysis products, with anodic electrode, cathodic electrode and a membrane arranged therebetween, built-in components being fitted in at least one of the two half-shells and permitting a defined increase in the liquid level and thus minimising the remaining gas volume accordingly.