Abstract: A method of operating an exhaust valve of a two-stroke internal combustion engine is disclosed. The engine has a cylinder and a piston movably disposed within the cylinder. The cylinder defines at least one exhaust port for discharging exhaust fluid from the cylinder. The exhaust valve is configured to cyclically obstruct the exhaust port. The method includes: rotating the exhaust valve in a first direction for clearing the exhaust port before the piston uncovers the exhaust port during a downstroke of the piston, the first direction being opposite a direction of rotation of a crankshaft of the engine; and rotating the exhaust valve in the first direction for at least partially closing the exhaust port before the piston fully covers the exhaust port during an upstroke of the piston, said rotating of the exhaust valve relative to the rotation of the crankshaft at least partially counterbalancing the crankshaft.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder (1) receiving a piston (2) and having at least one injection nozzle (4) in the form of a multi-hole low-pressure nozzle inserted in a bore (5) in the cylinder jacket (6). The multi-hole low-pressure nozzle has a nozzle plate (15) with nozzle openings (16) arranged within an enveloping circle (17) to form a common nozzle jet (11) with an opening angle (?) dependent on the inclination of the nozzle axis (12) relative to the orifice surface of the bore and preventing the nozzle jet from being applied to the cylinder jacket. A resulting vector (14) from the velocity vector (13) of the nozzle jet in the direction of the nozzle axis (12) and the velocity vector (10) of the flushing air flow in the flow main direction defines with the cylinder jacket a maximum inclination angle (?) of 20°.

Abstract: A method of operating an exhaust valve of a two-stroke internal combustion engine is disclosed. The engine has a cylinder and a piston movably disposed within the cylinder. The cylinder defines at least one exhaust port for discharging exhaust fluid from the cylinder. The exhaust valve is configured to cyclically obstruct the exhaust port. The method includes: rotating the exhaust valve in a first direction for clearing the exhaust port before the piston uncovers the exhaust port during a downstroke of the piston, the first direction being opposite a direction of rotation of a crankshaft of the engine; and rotating the exhaust valve in the first direction for at least partially closing the exhaust port before the piston fully covers the exhaust port during an upstroke of the piston, said rotating of the exhaust valve relative to the rotation of the crankshaft at least partially counterbalancing the crankshaft.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine has a crankshaft disposed at least in part in a crankcase, and a cylinder block connected to the crankcase and defining a cylinder. The cylinder defines at least one exhaust port for discharging exhaust fluid. A piston is movably disposed within the cylinder and is operatively connected to the crankshaft. The piston is movable along a cylinder axis in a reciprocating motion including an upstroke and a downstroke. An exhaust valve assembly is operatively connected to and rotates with the crankshaft. The exhaust valve assembly has a shaft rotatably supported by the cylinder block and a valve configured to cyclically obstruct the exhaust port. The valve is operable to move clear of the exhaust port before the piston uncovers the exhaust port during its downstroke, and at least partially close the exhaust port before the piston fully covers the exhaust port during its upstroke.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine has a crankshaft disposed at least in part in a crankcase, and a cylinder block connected to the crankcase and defining a cylinder. The cylinder defines at least one exhaust port for discharging exhaust fluid. A piston is movably disposed within the cylinder and is operatively connected to the crankshaft. The piston is movable along a cylinder axis in a reciprocating motion including an upstroke and a downstroke. An exhaust valve assembly is operatively connected to and rotates with the crankshaft. The exhaust valve assembly has a shaft rotatably supported by the cylinder block and a valve configured to cyclically obstruct the exhaust port. The valve is operable to move clear of the exhaust port before the piston uncovers the exhaust port during its downstroke, and at least partially close the exhaust port before the piston fully covers the exhaust port during its upstroke.

Abstract: An exhaust assembly for a vehicle is disclosed, which includes a resonator including an inlet adapted for fluidly connecting to an exhaust manifold, and a closed end at an end of the resonator opposite the inlet; and a turbocharger passage extending from the resonator between the exhaust manifold and the closed end, the turbocharger passage defining an outlet. An exhaust system, a power pack, and the vehicle including the exhaust assembly are further disclosed.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder (1) receiving a piston (2) and having at least one injection nozzle (4) in the form of a multi-hole low-pressure nozzle inserted in a bore (5) in the cylinder jacket (6). The multi-hole low-pressure nozzle has a nozzle plate (15) with nozzle openings (16) arranged within an enveloping circle (17) to form a common nozzle jet (11) with an opening angle (?) dependent on the inclination of the nozzle axis (12) relative to the orifice surface of the bore and preventing the nozzle jet from being applied to the cylinder jacket. A resulting vector (14) from the velocity vector (13) of the nozzle jet in the direction of the nozzle axis (12) and the velocity vector (10) of the flushing air flow in the flow main direction defines with the cylinder jacket a maximum inclination angle (?) of 20°.

Abstract: An exhaust assembly for a vehicle is disclosed, which includes a resonator including an inlet adapted for fluidly connecting to an exhaust manifold, and a closed end at an end of the resonator opposite the inlet; and a turbocharger passage extending from the resonator between the exhaust manifold and the closed end, the turbocharger passage defining an outlet. An exhaust system, a power pack, and the vehicle including the exhaust assembly are further disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a method for operating a steam cycle process performed in an apparatus having an evaporator or steam generator for the evaporation of a liquid working medium and an expander, which is lubricated by a lubricant, for the performance of mechanical work. The method comprises a) supplying the liquid working medium to the evaporator, in which it evaporates and is fed to the expander in the form of steam; b) supplying an ionic liquid, which at room temperature forms two liquid phases with the liquid working medium, to the expander as a lubricant; and c) separating the ionic liquid forming the lubricant for the expander from the working medium upstream of the evaporator.

Abstract: An incremental transducer (1) as well as a process (D1) are provided for determining an actual position of a body (5) along a measuring path (W) and/or a change therein. A position code (7) of the incremental transducer (1) has a gap (10). To make it possible to use the incremental transducer (1) as flexibly as possible and to operate it despite dimensional tolerances of the body (5), provisions are made for converting an actual location frequency (Fi) of the position code (7) into a desired location frequency (Fs) that is independent from the length (L) of the gap (10) to generate a position signal (S) representative of the actual position or the change therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotary encoder comprising internal error control with a monitoring unit comprising at least a computing module, a verification means, a memory unit and an alarm unit. The invention also relates to a method for checking a rotary encoder when said encoder is in operation, the rotary encoder generating at least one measuring signal pair representative of the amount of rotation. In order to be able to determine the functioning of the rotary encoder, even when said rotary encoder is stationary, it is provided according to the present invention that a characteristic value should be created in the monitoring unit from current amplitude values of the measuring signal pair, said characteristic value being used in a comparison with at least one quality value representative of the functional states of the rotary encoder.

Abstract: An absolute value transducer (1) for determining an absolute position (P) of a body (6), with a measured material element (5), as well as a process for determining the absolute position (P) of two bodies (3, 4, 6) in relation to one another. In order to be able to use the absolute value transducer (1) in as flexible a manner as possible and to detect mounting errors of the measured material element (5), provisions are made according to the present invention for a code (K) of the measured material element (5) to have a discontinuity (9) in its course and for the code (K) to be scanned outside the discontinuity for determining the absolute position (P) within the discontinuity (9), and for the scanned absolute values (W) to be combined with an offset value (A).

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a method for operating a steam cycle process performed in an apparatus having an evaporator or steam generator for the evaporation of a liquid working medium and an expander, which is lubricated by a lubricant, for the performance of mechanical work. The method comprises a) supplying the liquid working medium to the evaporator, in which it evaporates and is fed to the expander in the form of steam; b) supplying an ionic liquid, which at room temperature forms two liquid phases with the liquid working medium, to the expander as a lubricant; and c) separating the ionic liquid forming the lubricant for the expander from the working medium upstream of the evaporator.

Abstract: A piston and a reciprocating expansion engine with a piston having a piston head, a piston neck, and a piston shaft are described. The piston head has at least one groove which runs in a circumferential direction suitable for receiving a piston ring, and the piston shaft has a pin boss and, at its outer circumference, a guide surface which is suitable for guiding the piston along a cylinder inner wall. An outer diameter of the piston neck is smaller than an outer diameter of the piston head and/or of the piston shaft, and the length of the piston neck approximately corresponds to the travel of the piston in the installed state.

Abstract: An absolute value transducer (1) for determining an absolute position (P) of a body (6), with a measured material element (5), as well as a process for determining the absolute position (P) of two bodies (3, 4, 6) in relation to one another. In order to be able to use the absolute value transducer (1) in as flexible a manner as possible and to detect mounting errors of the measured material element (5), provisions are made according to the present invention for a code (K) of the measured material element (5) to have a discontinuity (9) in its course and for the code (K) to be scanned outside the discontinuity for determining the absolute position (P) within the discontinuity (9), and for the scanned absolute values (W) to be combined with an offset value (A).

Abstract: An incremental transducer (1) as well as a process (D1) are provided for determining an actual position of a body (5) along a measuring path (W) and/or a change therein. A position code (7) of the incremental transducer (1) has a gap (10). To make it possible to use the incremental transducer (1) as flexibly as possible and to operate it despite dimensional tolerances of the body (5), provisions are made for converting an actual location frequency (Fi) of the position code (7) into a desired location frequency (Fs) that is independent from the length (L) of the gap (10) to generate a position signal (S) representative of the actual position or the change therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotary encoder comprising internal error control with a monitoring unit comprising at least a computing module, a verification means, a memory unit and an alarm unit. The invention also relates to a method for checking a rotary encoder when said encoder is in operation, the rotary encoder generating at least one measuring signal pair representative of the amount of rotation. In order to be able to determine the functioning of the rotary encoder, even when said rotary encoder is stationary, it is provided according to the present invention that a characteristic value should be created in the monitoring unit from current amplitude values of the measuring signal pair, said characteristic value being used in a comparison with at least one quality value representative of the functional states of the rotary encoder.

Abstract: A piston and a reciprocating expansion engine with a piston having a piston head, a piston neck, and a piston shaft are described. The piston head has at least one groove which runs in a circumferential direction suitable for receiving a piston ring, and the piston shaft has a pin boss and, at its outer circumference, a guide surface which is suitable for guiding the piston along a cylinder inner wall. An outer diameter of the piston neck is smaller than an outer diameter of the piston head and/or of the piston shaft, and the length of the piston neck approximately corresponds to the travel of the piston in the installed state.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a weapon having an eccentrically-pivoted barrel (1) that is mounted on a movable base (2), and to a method of elevating and stabilizing such a barrel. A drive mechanism (3) acts between the barrel and the base to permit and enable the elevation of the barrel relative to the base to be selectively changed. A compensation device acts between the barrel and base to compensate for the unbalance of the barrel. The compensation device includes a gyroscope (13) mounted on the barrel and arranged to provide an output signal, a set point generator (12), a closed-loop control device (10) and an actuating element (16). The actual position of the barrel is sensed by the gyroscope, which supplies its output signal to the set point generator. The set point generator produces a set force value as a function of the gyroscope output signal.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder (1), comprising a crankcase (2) flow-connected to the cylinder (1) by at least one transfer passage (3) and provided with an air intake manifold (4) and comprising an injection device for optional introduction of a fuel into the cylinder (1) or the crankcase (2) is described. To achieve fuel-air mixing adapted to the operating state of the engine it is proposed that the injection device comprises at least one injection nozzle (11) which is oriented toward the inlet region (12) of the transfer passage (3) issuing from the air intake manifold (4) and can be controlled as a function of the direction of movement of the piston (5) and the controller of the transfer passage (3).