Abstract: A fastening apparatus includes a head element for abutting a first edge region of a component opening and an anchor foot element for rear engagement with a second edge region lying opposite the first edge region. The anchor foot element has a base section extending from the head element in axial direction and four locking arms arranged in pairs and connected to the base section. Each pair of locking arms is configured in order to be pivotable relative to an axial central plane of the fastening apparatus, and each pair of locking arms has locking/centering stages arranged offset from one another in axial direction. A locking/centering stage comprises a centering surface for centering the fastening apparatus relative to a component opening and a locking surface for rear engagement with a component opening. A locking surface and a centering surface of a locking/centering stage are arranged approximately orthogonally to one another.

Abstract: A reducing agent such as preferably ammonia (NH.sub.3) is blended in a reaction chamber with gaseous products of combustion for the conversion of the nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) contained in the products of combustion into innoxious flue gas components. To accelerate the rate of reaction, the reactivity of the reducing agent is increased by the input of energy preferably by radiation of coherent light emitted by a laser. The necessary rate of conversion can thereby be achieved without the use of catalysts associated with undesired side effects.

Abstract: A method for the production of reaction gases consisting essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in which reactants including a carbonaceous source, slag formers and an oxygen-containing gas are directed in the form of jets through nozzles under the surface of a molten metal bath in a reactor to produce said reaction gases. These reaction gases are then passed to a metallurgical reduction reactor wherein exhaust gases are produced containing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor and hydrogen. In accordance with the present invention, at least a portion of the exhaust gases from the metallurgical reduction reactor are recycled into heat exchange relationship with nozzles in the reactor to cool the same. The invention also contemplates recycling additional portions of the exhaust gases to combine them with the oxygen-containing gas entering the reactor, and to serve as a suspending medium for the carbonaceous source or the slag formers.

Abstract: A device for the gasification of carbon containing material to obtain the continuous production of gas, essentially a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, by using the molten metal bath process is provided. The carbon material, oxidizing agents, and slag-forming additives as needed are introduced into a reactor below the surface of a molten metal bath. The reactor is provided with outlets for the slag, gases, and molten metal. The reactor is also provided with the ability to tilt, swivel, or rotate about a horizontal axis. This rotational movement causes the molten metal bath to alter its location within the reactor, allowing for replacement of the input apparatus of the raw materials, which are normally below the surface, without the necessity of draining the molten metal bath from the reactor.

Abstract: In a device for the gasification of carbon and/or carbon-containing media, in particular for the continuous production of a gas essentially containing CO and H.sub.2 with a molten bath of iron or an iron alloy, a reactor receives the carbon-containing media and oxidizing gasification media under the surface of the molten bath, and outlets are provided for gas and for removing at least one liquid phase, in particular slag. The reactor is stationary and is tightly sealed to a gas outlet and to a liquid outlet. In a wall region of the reactor and close to the floor thereof a plurality of nozzles are provided for feeding the gasification media. The nozzles are distributed almost symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane which extends axially with respect to the liquid outlet and to the reactor floor about the circumference of the wall region.

Abstract: A method for reducing the sulfur content of coal which involves an integrated, continuous process including the steps of grinding the coal in a dry state, activating the ground coal to increase substantially the magnetic susceptibility of the pyrite contained therein, and separating the thus activated pyrite magnetically from the remainder of the coal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying wet granular and/or lumpy materials, employs a chamber having a material inlet, a material discharge outlet, an inlet for a heated drying fluid and a vapor outlet. A perforate sieve-type material support extends along a path between the material inlet and the material discharge outlet to provide communication between the drying fluid and vapor outlet through the material and a microwave generating and transmitting device is located above the material path to irradiate the material with microwave energy as a part of the drying energy supplied to the material.

Abstract: A magnetic separator includes a channel, having a plurality of walls, one of which includes a vertically traveling conveyor belt; a magnetic coil is arranged on one channel wall for producing a high intensity magnetic field; inlet means is provided for introducing a carrier medium into the channel and an injecting means on a side channel wall opposite the magnetic coil and downstream of the inlet charges material into the medium. A doctoring member removes magnetic particles drawn to the conveyor belt and means spaced from said one wall removes non-magnetic particles and carrier medium.