Abstract: A integral or monolithic nozzle segment having airfoils According to an aspect of the invention a steam turbine has a casing supporting multiple nozzle segments forming a diaphragm with the airfoils located in a channel through which working fluid flows. The diaphragm surrounds a rotary axis of a steam turbine coaxially and consists of a plurality of individual nozzle segments. The nozzle segments and the casing of the steam turbine have substantially equal thermal expansion coefficients. The casing and the nozzle segments are made of different materials and particularly different martensitic steel types. Each nozzle segment may have a core comprising martensitic steel having a minimum creep strength that fulfills the following conditions at a temperature of 580° C.: at least 105 hours under a tensile stress of at least 100 MPa or at least 125 MPa or at least 150 MPa.

Abstract: A turbomachine structure having a first inner casing including a first and second flowpath oriented in opposing axial directions to one another; a second inner casing surrounding the first inner casing and including a third and fourth flowpath, wherein the third flowpath is fluidly connected to the first flowpath and the fourth flowpath is fluidly connected to the second flowpath; an extraction chamber defined between the first and second inner casings; a cooling passage defined between the first and second inner casings; a first extraction port fluidly connected to the cooling passage and to the first flowpath at a location in the first flowpath having a first pressure; and a second extraction port fluidly connected to the extraction chamber and to the second flowpath at a location in the second flowpath having a second pressure less than the first pressure.

Abstract: A turbomachine structure having a first inner casing including a first and second flowpath oriented in opposing axial directions to one another; a second inner casing surrounding the first inner casing and including a third and fourth flowpath, wherein the third flowpath is fluidly connected to the first flowpath and the fourth flowpath is fluidly connected to the second flowpath; an extraction chamber defined between the first and second inner casings; a cooling passage defined between the first and second inner casings; a first extraction port fluidly connected to the cooling passage and to the first flowpath at a location in the first flowpath having a first pressure; and a second extraction port fluidly connected to the extraction chamber and to the second flowpath at a location in the second flowpath having a second pressure less than the first pressure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the calculation of an absolute and relative axial displacement in a steam turbine between a stationary vane row and a rotating blade row steam turbine. This is achieved by using a measurement signal of an outer casing absolute axial expansion sensor, a measurement signal of an inner to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor and a measurement signal for a rotor to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the calculation of an absolute and relative axial displacement in a steam turbine between a stationary vane row and a rotating blade row steam turbine. This is achieved by using a measurement signal of an outer casing absolute axial expansion sensor, a measurement signal of an inner to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor and a measurement signal for a rotor to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor.

Abstract: A steam turbine (10), especially for the high-pressure range or intermediate-pressure range, includes a rotor (11) which is rotatably mounted around an axis and concentrically enclosed at a distance by an inner casing (12), wherein between the rotor (11) and the inner casing (12) a flow passage (13) is formed, which on the inlet side is axially delimited by a balance piston (18) which is arranged on the rotor (11), and into which flow passage rotor blades (15) and stator blades (17), alternating in the direction of flow, radially project, and wherein, at the entry of the flow passage (13), an inlet scroll (14), through which steam is guided from the outside radially inwards and deflected in a deflection region (27) in the axial direction to the inlet of the flow passage (13), is formed on the inner casing (12).

Abstract: A steam turbine is provided having a relief groove which is arranged in the region of the equalizing piston and extends in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The relief groove, with regard to an inlet passage, is arranged in the axial upstream direction so that it is arranged on the rotor outside a region in which the steam flow enters the bladed flow path via the inlet passage. The relief groove, with regard to the first blade row, is arranged in a region in which the greatest thermal stresses can arise in the rotor. As an option, the relief groove has a cover for reducing vortex flows, and also devices for reducing heating of the groove or devices for active cooling. The steam turbine allows an increased number of risk-free running up and running down operations of the steam turbine with minimum detriment to the turbine performance.

Abstract: A steam turbine (10), especially for the high-pressure range or intermediate-pressure range, includes a rotor (11) which is rotatably mounted around an axis and concentrically enclosed at a distance by an inner casing (12), wherein between the rotor (11) and the inner casing (12) a flow passage (13) is formed, which on the inlet side is axially delimited by a balance piston (18) which is arranged on the rotor (11), and into which flow passage rotor blades (15) and stator blades (17), alternating in the direction of flow, radially project, and wherein, at the entry of the flow passage (13), an inlet scroll (14), through which steam is guided from the outside radially inwards and deflected in a deflection region (27) in the axial direction to the inlet of the flow passage (13), is formed on the inner casing (12).

Abstract: A steam turbine with an operating temperature of more than 650° C. includes a thermally highly-loaded housing (G) which is produced by a casting technique at least partially from a nickel-based alloy. Production of such a steam turbine is simplified by the housing (G) being divided into a multiplicity of smaller housing sections (G1, . . . , G8; G21, G22, G31, G32) which are interconnected and together form the housing (G).